When Emperor Gaozu of the Han (r. 202-195 BCE) first established the empire, there were still threats from the vassal princes and the Xiongnu, and in order to safeguard the capital and to maintain operational flexibility in the face of war, some elite field troops were not disbanded but instead served as the central strategic reserve force. During the era of Emperor Hui (r. 195-188 BCE), military preparedness demands had moderately decreased, but the defensive capabilities of the capital remained insufficient, therefore the temporary garrison forces established by Emperor Gaozu were reorganized into the Southern and Northern Armies and stationed separately outside the eastern sections of the northern and southern walls of the Weiyang Palace.