安世高譯經中「為」字用法研究：以《陰持入經》為中心

A Study on the Usage of the Word “Wei ( 為 )” in An Shigao’s Translations: Based on the “Yin Chi Ru Jing”

「為」是安世高譯經中最常使用的詞（或語素）之一，本文以《陰持入經》為中心，參考其他安世高譯經，採用比較法、對勘法、校勘法與統計法歸納了「為」在安世高譯經中的各種用法，按照它與漢典中用法的相似程度作了分類，統計了各種用法在《陰持入經》中出現的次數與詞頻。根據比較及統計數據描述了語言現象，進而分析了此現象所反映的可能事實及原因。據前述研究可知：安世高譯經呈顯了一種混合的語言現象，其中，「為」的用法多數源於漢典，部分源於源頭語，少部分可能源於當時洛陽地區的口語。從其所反映的情況看，目前學界所謂安譯經典很大程度上反映了當時洛陽地區口語的觀點有待商榷。

 

“Wei (為)” is one of the most commonly used words (or morphemes) in An Shigao’s translations. Centering on the “Yin Chi Ru Jing” and referring to An Shigao’s other translations, this paper sums up the usage of “wei (為)” in An Shigao’s translations by using the comparative method, the survey method, and the statistical method; classifies them according to the similarity with the usage in Chinese traditional scriptures, and compiles statistics on the number of occurrences and the word frequency of various usages in the sutra. According to the comparisons and statistical data, this paper describes the language phenomenon, and then analyzes the possible facts reflected by this phenomenon and its causes.

Considering the usage of “wei (為)”, we can conclude that An Shigao’s translation shows a mixed linguistic phenomenon, among them, most of the usages of “wei (為)” in An Shigao’s translations comes from Chinese traditional scriptures, some come from the source language, and some come from the spoken language of Luoyang at that time. Judging from the situation reflected in the usage of “wei (為)”, the popular viewpoint in current academic circle is dubious that An’s translations largely reflects the oral in Luoyang at that time.