漸進式全身等長阻力訓練對女性中高齡者唾液荷爾蒙、肌肉力量、周邊血管功能之影響

The Effects of Progressive Whole-Body Isometric Resistance Training on Salivary Hormones, Muscle Strength, and Peripheral Vascular Function in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Women

目的：本研究探討女性中高齡者進行12週高強度的漸進式全身等長阻力訓練對體內荷爾蒙、自主神經與心血管功能之影響。方法：招募35名中高齡者分為訓練組(n = 21)與控制組(n = 10)，進行12週等長直立撐以及臥推撐。並於運動前與運動後12週檢測睪固酮、皮質醇、下肢肌力、身體組成、心率變異度與血液容積脈搏振幅。結果：訓練組在訓練12週後在後測下肢肌力（膝關節伸展：67.2±16.9 Nm、32.1±8.9 watt）、睪固酮濃度(204.1±84.5 pmol/l)、皮質醇濃度(7.7±4.3 nmol/l)與血液容積脈搏振幅(0.61±0.28 mV)顯著高於前測下肢肌力（膝關節伸展：55.3±19.9 Nm、26.9±10.4 watt）、睪固酮濃度(176.3±83.2 pmol/l)、皮質醇濃度(5.3±3.1 nmol/l)與血液容積脈搏振幅(0.40±0.36 mV)(p < .05)，則未發現肌肉質量與心率變異度之變化。另外，控制組皆未發現所有指標之變化。結論：女性中高齡者進行為期12週的漸進式全身等長阻力訓練可以顯著提升下肢肌力。訓練後，女性中高齡者的體內睪固酮和皮質醇濃度顯著上升，同時也增加了周邊血管的彈性並維持心臟的自主調控能力。

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week high-intensity progressive whole-body isometric resistance training on hormonal profiles, autonomic nervous system, and cardiovascular function in middle-aged and older women. Methods: A total of 35 middle-aged and elderly women divided into the training group (n = 21) and the control group (n = 10). All participates performed progressive whole-body isometric resistance training (standing hold and bench press). Testosterone, cortisol, isokinetic muscle strength, body composition, heart rate variability, and blood volume amplitude were measured before and 12 weeks after training. Results: Following 12 weeks of training, the training group exhibited significant increases in lower limb muscle strength in the post-test (knee extension: 67.2±16.9 Nm, 32.1±8.9 watt), testosterone levels (204.1±84.5 pmol/l), cortisol levels (7.7±4.3 nmol/l), and blood volume amplitude (0.61±0.28 mV) compared to the pre-test values (knee extension: 55.3±19.9 Nm, 26.9±10.4 watt), testosterone levels (176.3±83.2 pmol/l), cortisol levels (5.3±3.1 nmol/l), blood volume amplitude (0.40±0.36 mV) (p < .05). However, no significant changes were found in muscle mass and heart rate variability. Conversely, the control group did not exhibit significant changes in the measured parameters. Conclusion: Engaging in a 12-week progressive whole-body isometric resistance training significantly enhances lower limb isokinetic muscle strength in middle-aged and elderly women. Post-training, there were significant increases in the levels of testosterone and cortisol, as well as improved peripheral vascular elasticity and maintenance of cardiac autonomic regulation.