抗微生物製劑在過去數十年間對感染性疾病的治療做出了巨大貢獻，但抗藥性問題已成為全球公共衛生的重大挑戰。本文回顧抗微生物製劑的發展歷史、抗藥性機轉，以及相關因應策略。近年來，抗藥性微生物的問題日益嚴峻，這不僅使治療更加困難，也對經濟帶來了巨大壓力，並推高了醫療照護的成本。應對策略包括加速研發新型抗菌藥物、加強抗菌藥物管理，以及監測抗藥性和抗微生物製劑的使用。抗菌藥物管理(antimicrobial stewardship program, ASP)被視為關鍵策略之一，透過合理使用與管理抗菌藥物在臨床療效下，也同時也減少抗藥性與副作用。此外，推行感染管制措施及提升公共衛生意識也至關重要，因為抗藥性問題不僅需要醫療機構的努力，更需要的是各界的共同參與。

Over the past few decades, antimicrobial agents have made tremendous contributions to the treatment of infectious diseases; however, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major global public health threat. This article reviews the development history of antimicrobial agents, the mechanisms of AMR, and the corresponding strategies against AMR. In recent years, the worsening AMR pathogens have made treatment increasingly difficult, imposing significant economic pressures and escalating healthcare costs. Key strategies to combat these problems include accelerating the development of new antimicrobial agents, strengthening antimicrobial drug management, and monitoring both AMR and the usage of antimicrobial agents. The Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) is recognized as one of the most crucial strategies, as it promotes the rational use and management of antimicrobial agents, ensuring clinical effectiveness while simultaneously reducing AMR and side effects. Moreover, implementing infection control measures and enhancing public health awareness are also essential, as addressing the problem of AMR requires not only the efforts of healthcare institutions but also the active participation of the broader community.