全球化下專利評價之研究——以專利藥與國民健康權競合為中心

The Rethinking of Patent’s Value Under the Globalization Trends: Focusing on the Competition Between Patent Medicine and National Health Care Rights

「全球化」效力影響之下，人類社會經濟發展蛻變到今日「知識經濟」時代，專利權儼然已成為國家競爭力的核心。惟由於「知識」被集中掌控於少數人，使得「知識差距」，不僅造成不公平競爭與貧富差距的擴大，更引起階級之間的對立衝突。同時，受到「法律全球化」之影響，「超國界法」不僅超越本國法，同時也凌駕於國際法，更進而形成「法律鴻溝」。這種「知識差距」與「法律鴻溝」的雙重反效果，更加劇低度開發國家與已開發國家之間的對立與衝突，特別是在專利藥和國民醫療健康權間之競合關係，如此以來，不免令人省思法律強調公平正義背後蘊含的價值判斷究竟為何。爰此，本文以超國界法與本國法競合，以及專利藥與國民健康權競合作為二大主軸，同時以比較法學與法律經濟分析作為研究方法，探討「知識差距」與「法律鴻溝」之下當代專利正義蘊含的法律價值判斷，以期法律系統能夠在「全球化」效應之下，依然得以週而復始維持於動態均衡。

As knowledge-based economy is developing under the globalization trends, knowledge innovation changes quickly and dramatically. The related technology, management, and legal protection mechanism based on intellectual property have become the core competence of the company. However, due to the impact of knowledge-based economy under the globalization trends, the knowledge has been controlled by quite a limited number of people, and the knowledge gap is ensued, which leads to unfair competition. Meanwhile, the influence of legal globalization forces national laws to move toward the homogeneity and standardization, resulting in the legal gap between national laws and transnational laws. Both the knowledge gap and legal gap causes an intensified legal imbalance, especially the conflict between patent medicine and national health care rights, and therefore conflicts between developed countries (rich countries) and developing or underdeveloped countries (poor countries) are inevitable. The aims of this study are to review the basic value behind the patent justice, and clarify the knowledge gap and legal gap formed by patent medicine and national health care rights with a focus on the conflict thereof and the competition between national laws and transnational laws. This study adopts the comparative law and legal economic analysis as research methods to explore all the above-mentioned issues.