情事變更原則──兩岸規則之比較

The Doctrine of Changed Circumstances－A Statutory Comparison across the Taiwan Strait

如果把臺灣民法第227條之2第1項當作非常時期特別法，則中國大陸民法第533條與臺灣民法第227條之2第1項差異不大。重點是如何如立法所示，以解釋逐步充實其符合普通法體系規範的內涵。
中國大陸民法第533條與臺灣民法第227條之2第1項的法理，接近情事不變條款。二者均未採納德國民法上，一律用當事人主觀認知來界定環境因素可否影響契約效力的法律行為基礎學說，與德國民法第313條法理不同，規範範圍差距很大。如果用情事不變條款中「情事」的概念，去理解德國民法第313條規定的「契約（合同）基礎」，是不正確的。這種誤解可能會阻礙兩岸情事變更原則未來發展的空間。

If§227-2 para. 1 of the Taiwan Civil Code is treated as lex specialis from an extraordinary period, then there is no significant difference between§533 of the PRC Civil Code and§227-2 para. 1 of the Taiwan Civil Code. What’s important is how to follow the legislators’instructions and gradually substantiate both provisions through interpretation in conformity with the lex communis system.
The legislative rationale behind both§533 of the PRC Civil Code and§227-2 para. 1 of the Taiwan Civil Code is closely related to clausula rebus sic stantibus. In both cases, the legislator did not adopt the German civil law doctrine relating to the foundation of legal acts (Geschäftsgrundlage) which uses the subjective will of the parties to determine whether circumstantial factors can affect the validity of contracts. As such, the legislative rationale differs from that of§313 of the German Civil Code, leading to a significant difference in the regulatory scope. It would be incorrect to perceive the“foundation of contract”(Grundlage des Vertrags) provided in§313 of the German Civil Code by means of the concept of“circumstance”from clausula rebus sic stantibus. Such a mistake could hinder the future development of the doctrine of changed circumstances across the Taiwan Strait.