涉外親權事件之準據法及相關國際公約之適用──論憲法法庭111年憲判字第8號判決中關於國際公約之適用

Applicable Laws for Foreign-related Parental Rights Disputes and Applications of Relevant International Conventions －On the Application of International Conventions in Judgment No. 8 of the Constitutional Court of 2022

跨境子女親權之爭奪、甚至不當拐帶，在國際交往日益頻繁之今日越來越常發生。然而，於國際間奉為圭臬的相關國際公約，以及子女最佳利益原則，在我國相關法院審理時，究竟應當如何適用？111年憲判字第8號對於涉外子女親權之暫時處分做出判決，其對於相關國際公約之適用是否妥適？此外，該號判決要求實務上對於未成年子女之程序主體權保障，需以直接訪視為原則，在日後實務上適用有無困難？國際公約之規定又如何？本文將一一討論。

International disputes over the parental rights for children, and even improper abduction, are becoming more and more frequent today as international interactions become more common. However, how should the relevant international conventions for the protection of children that are regarded as the supreme norm and the principle of the best interests of the child be applied in the relevant courts? In Judgement No. 8 of the Taiwanese Constitutional Court of 2022, regarding to provisional measures in a dispute of foreign-related parental rights, did the court properly apply relevant international conventions? In addition, the judgment No. 8 requires that the procedural rights of children should be protected by direct inquiries by judges. Is there any difficulty in practice? What do the provisions of international conventions prescribe? This article will discuss abovementioned questions one by one.