Research on Salvage and Environmental Protection Under Maritime Law

海商法海難救助與環境保護之研究

近年來全球受到新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情的衝擊，電子商務迅速興起，航運業因而在全球物流供應鏈中扮演重要的角色。本文將環境救助法制納入永續航運的研究範圍，在海洋環境保護領域之範疇，探討海商法環境救助制度之起源及其規範發展。本文建議賦予海難救助作業直接相關的施救人，應有海事賠償責任限制之適用，施救人得主張責任限制。其次，為鼓勵運送人採取合理措施以避免對環境造成損害，本文分析《鹿特丹規則》新增制定運送人的環境救助免責事由。最後，因應無人船的科技發展，本文參酌海面自主航行船舶（MASS）的特性，對於MASS進行海難救助作業及環境保護之情形，建議應透過修改現有海事國際公約的方式建立統一標準的國際規範，以俾未來對MASS的海難救助作業進行法律規範。

In recent years, the world has been hit by the outbreak of COVID-19, which rapidly led to the rise of e-commerce. The shipping industry has played the most crucial role in the global logistics supply chain. This article incorporates environmental salvage into the research topic of sustainable shipping and discusses the origin and development of marine salvage law in the field of environmental protection. It is suggested that the salvors who render services in direct connection with salvage operations are expressly entitled to limit their liability in shipping law. The Rotterdam Rules addressed a new defence for environmental salvage, which can encourage carriers to take reasonable measures to avoid damage to the environment. Taking into account the characteristics of unmanned ships, this article concludes that the engagement of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) in environmental salvage operations is required to establish a uniform international standard that can be adopted by amending the existing conventions so that the MASS can be regulated in the future.