公司資訊法定公示的邏輯機理與私法效力

The Logical Mechanism and Legal Effect of Mandatory Corporate Information Publicity

伴隨著商事登記制度改革建立起來的企業資訊公示制度，對於促進企業資訊公開、維護交易安全意義巨大。2023年修訂後的中國大陸《公司法》吸收了商事登記制度改革的成果，分別在第32條和第40條規定了公司登記事項和法定公示事項，從而開創了登記資訊與法定公示資訊的二元分置格局，是本輪公司法修訂的重要制度創新。公司資訊公示事項和效力的設定包含了以下三組價值衝突：公司資訊保護與交易安全之間的價值衝突、資訊獲得成本與交易效率之間的價值衝突、公司自治與政府管制之間的價值衝突。登記型資訊公示的效力在於公信力和對抗力，與之不同，非登記型法定資訊公示的功能則在於資訊揭露，相對人足以信賴，但並不能直接對相對人產生對抗效力。究其原因，二者的效力差異並非源於公示環節中的行政公定力差異，也不能簡單適用商事外觀主義予以一體闡釋。從公司法體系上而言，法定資訊公示將對交易相對人的注意義務判斷等事項產生影響，虛假的資訊公示也將導致損害信賴之賠償責任。

The establishment of the corporate information publicity system alongside the reform of the commercial registration system has significant implications for promoting corporate transparency and safeguarding transaction security. The revised “Company Law” of China in 2023 has absorbed the outcomes of the commercial registration system reform, stipulating the registration items and the mandatory publicity items in Articles 32 and 40, respectively. This has created a dual structure of registration information and mandatory publicized information, marking a significant institutional innovation in this round of revisions to the Company Law. The establishment of corporate information publicity items and their effects involves the following three pairs of value conflicts: the value conflict between corporate information confidentiality and transaction security, the value conflict between the cost of information acquisition and transaction efficiency, and the value conflict between corporate autonomy and government regulation. The effectiveness of registration-based information publicity lies in its public trust force and confrontation force, which is different from the function of non-registration-based mandatory information publicity, which is focused on information disclosure and is sufficient for the counterpart to rely on, but does not directly produce the confrontation force on the counterpart. The discrepancy in effectiveness is not due to the difference in administrative determination power in the stage of publicity, nor can it be simply explained by the commercial rechtsschein theory. In terms of the company law system, mandatory information publicity will affect the judgment of the duty care of the transaction counterpart, and false information publicity will also lead to compensation liability for damage to trust.