對中國大陸新《公司法》的全面評析──演進、亮點與缺憾

A Comprehensive Analysis of the New Chinese Mainland Company Law: Evolution, Highlights and Deficiencies

法律的公布及修訂與時代背景緊密關聯，同時還彰顯了經濟社會發展的預期方向。本次中國大陸《公司法》的修訂既對此前經濟發展中各類問題給予了回應，也在具體制度設計中進行了多樣化的嘗試和創新。從宏觀角度來看，本次修法主要呈現出堅持問題導向、兼採兩大法系、總結過往經驗、凸顯本土特色四大特點。從微觀角度來看，本次《公司法》內容的變動可謂是多點開花，但在資本制度和公司治理的變革尤為引人注目。認繳制的改革以及授權資本制的引入，彰顯了資本制度在回歸理性的同時也愈發靈活，而單層制公司的引入和董事責任體系的變革，表明了立法機關力求提升公司治理的靈活性和自主性。但法律的修訂不可能盡善盡美，部分理論界長期關注的話題在此次修法中依舊未能得到回應，例如公司類型的優化以及公司併購的規範化等問題。因此，新《公司法》仍需經受商業實踐的持續檢驗，也還需要不斷完善。可以說，公司法的修改永遠在路上。

The promulgation and revision of the law are closely related to the background of The Times, and also highlight the expected direction of economic and social development. From a macro point of view, this revision mainly presents four characteristics: adhere to the problem orientation, adopt two major legal systems, summarize past experience, and highlight local characteristics. From a micro point of view, the changes in the content of the Company Law can be described as many blossoms, but the changes in the capital system and corporate governance are particularly eye-catching. The reform of the subscribed capital system and the introduction of the authorized capital system show that the capital system is becoming more flexible while returning to rationality, while the introduction of the one-tier company and the reform of the director’s responsibility system show that the legislature strives to enhance the flexibility and autonomy of corporate governance. However, the revision of the law can not be perfect, and some topics that have long been concerned by the theoretical circle have not been answered in the revision of the law, such as the optimization of company types and the standardization of corporate mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, the new Company Law still needs to be continuously tested by commercial practice, and also needs to be continuously improved. It can be said that the amendment of the company law is always on the way.