電信詐欺產業及其防治研究：計量經濟分析

「你今天被騙了嗎?」曾幾何時生活在台灣人們，聊天時幾乎會隨口問上這句，在全球化及科技資訊日新月異時代下，也拉近人們溝通的距離，促進網絡社群時代的興起，所謂「科技始終來自於人性！」、但諷刺的是「人性也始終抵抗不了詐騙！」。近年來詐騙案件激增，財損數字驚人，顯示詐騙問題已成為一個嚴重的社會議題。
犯罪學中有關財產犯罪類別可分為竊盜(汽機車及一般)、搶奪、強盜、恐嚇取財、詐欺等犯罪型態，除了詐欺犯罪以外，其他財產犯罪發生件數、財損金額及被害人數，均已呈現逐年減少，唯獨詐欺犯罪一枝獨秀，驚人且高踞不下的犯罪統計數據引起人民恐慌，亦使政府相關機關投注高度重視及因應政策，雖然每年「打詐」都列為治安重點工作目標，但民眾仍感受不到顯著成效!
詐欺犯罪轉型以電信網路為媒介，以產業鏈集團模式朝向「犯罪手法專業化」、「集團分工化」、「企業組織化」的大規模發展，更朝向跨國境化的詐欺集團產業鏈組織。從經濟學的角度與視野來分析現今電信詐欺集團結構，為高度專業分工化。
為有效解決當前嚴重之網路及電信等詐騙犯罪，本研究採用計量經濟研究方法之時間序列分析為主要研究方法，研究對象為犯罪率、破獲率、破獲數、起訴數、科刑數、有期徒刑數、輕徒刑數、拘役罰金及平均薪資。資料選取期間為：2013 年01 月至2022 年12 月。主要探討犯罪成本與詐欺犯罪率之影響。並佐以「犯罪經濟學中犯罪所得效益、犯罪成本、犯罪時間機會成本等面向為理論基礎。
本篇研究發現電信網路詐騙犯罪的防治不能僅依賴戰術層級(犯罪成本、犯罪效益)的打擊手段，更需要從根本上戰略層面之犯罪端(供給）與被害端(需求）來培養公眾的數位安全素養，建構起防詐意識，而將數位安全素養和防詐意識納入教育課綱是必要措施，不僅是為了保護學生，同時也是為了培養他們成為能夠在數位時代中安全、負責任和有效地行動的公民、進而台灣也能洗刷「詐騙之島」惡名!

In today’s era of digitalization and globalization, crime methods are constantly changing and evolving, with telecom and internet fraud being a prime example. This type of crime, leveraging modern technology and the opportunities of globalization, poses significant challenges to both victims’ rights and the criminal justice system. Therefore, studying these criminal behaviors and their prevention strategies becomes crucial. Surprisingly, while other property crimes have shown a decrease in occurrence and financial damage, fraud, particularly telecom and internet fraud, stands out with alarming crime statistics, causing public panic and drawing serious attention from governmental agencies. Despite annual efforts to combat fraud, the public still feels a lack of noticeable improvement.
Telecom and internet fraud have transformed, using the internet as a medium and evolving into an industrial chain group model, becoming more specialized, divided in labor, and corporately organized, even expanding into transnational fraud group organizations. Analyzing these fraud groups from an economic perspective reveals a highly specialized division of labor.
To effectively address the severe issue of online and telecom fraud, this study employs econometric research methods, focusing on time series analysis. The study examines crime rates, detection rates, numbers of detections, prosecutions, sentences, imprisonment numbers, lighter sentences, detention fines, and average salaries. The data spans from January 2013 to December 2022, mainly exploring the impact of crime costs on fraud rates. The theoretical basis includes aspects of crime economics such as crime income benefits, crime costs, and the opportunity costs of crime time.
This study finds that combating telecom and internet fraud requires more than just tactical measures (crime costs, crime benefits). It necessitates a strategic approach from both the supply (criminal) and demand (victim) sides, fostering public digital safety literacy and fraud awareness. Incorporating digital safety literacy and fraud awareness into the educational curriculum is essential, not only to protect students but also to nurture them as safe, responsible, and effective citizens in the digital age, thereby helping Taiwan shed its reputation as the "Island of Scam."