分析大流行敘事之恐懼治理：以新冠疫情為例

Analyzing the Governance of Fear in Pandemic Narratives: A Case Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic

以往，衛生治理是以某個國界之內的範圍來考慮，倚靠的是主權國家通過邊境控制保護其領土，以避免傳染病的入侵。然而，當今傳染病的風險跨越國家疆域，必須使用跨越國界的方式治理，即從「國家威脅管理」轉移到「全球風險治理」。恐懼治理是公共衛生重要與核心措施，動員恐懼等同於控制社會。新冠疫情敘事多置入適當程度的恐懼，在恐懼中，安全與秩序是首要價值，這意味為達到安全，民眾必須放棄部份的自由。本研究分析做為風險生產者與治理者的世界衛生組織（WHO）治理新冠疫情的方式，分析其如何運用科學證據與專家言說建構恐懼，以瞭解大流行敘事如何產生於特定的社會和政治語境中，以及在其間涉及的權力、規訓、治理等議題。

 

In the past, public health governance was primarily concerned with a specific national territory and relied on sovereign states to protect their territory through border controls to prevent the invasion of infectious diseases. However, the risks of infectious diseases nowadays transcend national boundaries, necessitating a cross-border approach to disease governance, shifting from "national threat management" to "global risk governance." Fear is a crucial and central measure in public health, with pandemic narratives often incorporating an appropriate level of fear. In this context, security and order are paramount values, implying that in order to achieve security, individuals may need to relinquish certain freedoms and refrain from actions that would undermine the ability of governing institutions. This study analyzes the World Health Organization (WHO)’s approach to pandemic governance as both a "producer and governor of risks." This study examined how WHO utilizes scientific evidence and expert discourse to construct fear. This analysis seeks to understand how pandemic narratives emerge within specific social and political contexts and addresses issues related to power, regulation, and governance within the framework of fear-based governance.