未竟的現代性：陳嘉庚的《住屋與衛生》與戰後中國重建想像

Unfinished Modernity: Tan Kah Kee’s Housing and Sanitation and His Modern Imagination of Reconstruction of China After Post World War II

1937-45年的抗戰時期，中國許多城市與鄉村因戰爭而受到很大的破壞。1944年，時任南洋華僑籌賑祖國難民總會主席的陳嘉庚，回國慰勞軍民，見街衢及鄉村屋宅之衛生狀況不佳，甚至不及20年前的英屬海峽殖民地新加坡。有感於此，陳氏參考新加坡的經驗，提出城市規劃、住屋興建、衛生改良等概念，寫下《住屋與衛生：戰後建國首要》一書，希冀提供戰後中國重建的指導原則。不過，這份著作並未受到廣泛的重視。本文旨在分析陳嘉庚針對居住環境與公共衛生改良所提出來之現代性計畫，藉此討論他對於二次大戰之後的中國重建的願景及想像。首先，以二戰前後的福建金門為例，討論中國農村的環境衛生課題；接著引介陳氏《住屋與衛生》中的現代性論述，特別是關於公共衛生與民康國強的連結。再來指出英屬新加坡城市治理如何成為陳嘉庚的現代性範式，以及他對中國城鄉發展與住屋空間改造的構想；最後，本文通過衛生的現代性到主體性的建構之分析，指出陳嘉庚對於中國現代化的社會實踐與文化想像。

 

During 1937-45, many Chinese cities and countries were destroyed by Japanese invasion. 1944, Tan Kah Kee---the president of the South-east Asia Federation of China---returned to express sympathy and solicitude for homeland’s people. He found the sanitation of Chinese streets and housing during the war was worse than the colony Singapore twenty years ago. Therefore he consulted the experiences of Singapore and wrote down the book---Housing and Sanitation: An Important Proposal for the Reconstruction of China After Post-World War II ---to provide the ideas of city planning, housing reconstruction and sanitation reform. But this book could not attach important to society.This paper will analyze the Tan’s historical project of modernity for Chinese housing and public sanitation. First, I will apply the materials of overseas Chinese’s newsletters during 1930s-40s to point out some issues of environmental sanitation of counties, Fujiang. Moreover, to introduce the Tan’s Housing and Sanitation, and to discuss that how he transplant the urban planning and housing regulation of Singapore to provide the ideas of spatial development and reform in China. Finally, I will make through study for the Tan’s discourse of transplantation and imagination of modernity.