都市更新法秩序之建構──兼論最高行政法院108年度判字第220號判決

Construction of Legal Order in Urban Renewal Legal System —A Discussion with Reference to the Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court (108) Pan Tzu No. 220

都市更新之本質，係為增進公益達到經濟上有效率解決都市老化。都市更新之目的在於使都市土地得以合理再利用、調適都市機能、增進社會公共福祉（公共利益）、提高生活品質（改善生活環境）、促進都市健全之再發展。
本文之問題意識在於：從事物本質之觀點，都市更新法秩序應有如何之前理解？私人自行劃定更新單元，主管機關所為之核定，是否即影響人民之財產權？私人劃定更新單元之合法性何在？即劃定更新單元之基準，應如何形成？從法經濟分析之觀點，都市更新法秩序應有如何之前理解？從而概觀化探討都市更新法秩序之應然與實然。
本文藉最高行政法院108年度判字第220號判決為都市更新法秩序探討之研究素材，透過整合方法論，為都市更新法秩序之建構及其方法論之落實：以事物本質之方法觀點，建構由都市更新法制之沿革及體系、都市更新之目的及其法意識、都市更新公共利益、都市更新正當程序、都市更新財產權保障、私人劃定更新單元之闡釋所組成之都市更新法秩序，以法經濟分析之方法觀點，建構從行為理論（經濟理性）論證都市更新之效益、促進都市更新於財產權配置之效率更佳化、財產權保障之實踐─降低都市更新之成本、少數主體搭便車之避免，所組成之都市更新法秩序。藉此初步建構都市更新法制之法秩序圖像，得以正確理解（詮釋）都市更新法制之樣貌、本質及其整體法體系規範，以為都市更新法制合目的性之判斷，形塑都市更新法制方法論，以此展望我國都市更新法學本土化之發展。

The essence of urban renewal is to promote public welfare and achieve economic efficiency in solving urban decay. The purpose of urban renewal is to enable rational reutilization of urban land, adapt urban functions, enhance social public welfare (public interest), improve quality of life (living environment), and fostering comprehensive urban redevelopment.
The discussion in this article is based on the question: From the perspective of the nature of things, how should the legal order of urban renewal be understood beforehand? Does private demarcation of renewal units, and the subsequent approval by the competent authority, affect people’s property rights? What is the legitimacy of private demarcation of renewal units? That is, how should criteria for demarcating renewal units be formed? From the perspective of economic analysis of law, how should the legal order of urban renewal be understood beforehand? Accordingly, it discusses in conspectus what is and ought to be of the legal order of urban renewal.
This article utilizes the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court (108) Pan Tzu No. 220 as research material. Through an integrated methodology, it explores the jurisprudential methodology within the context of the urban renewal legal system. By incorporating various perspectives, it constructs a jurisprudential framework for the urban renewal legal system. The framework encompasses the evolution and structure of the urban renewal legal system, the purpose and legal consciousness of urban renewal, public interests in urban renewal, due process in urban renewal, property rights protection in urban renewal, and the interpretation of privately demarcated renewal units. Additionally, it employs economic analysis of law to illustrate the benefits of urban renewal, its efficiency in property rights allocation, and the practicality of property rights protection, including cost reduction and the prevention of free riders in the urban renewal process. Through this approach, a preliminary blueprint of the legal order of the urban renewal legal system is outlined, facilitating a correct interpretation of its appearance, essence, and overall legal norms. This jurisprudential framework aims to ensure compliance with the principle of purposiveness in the urban renewal legal system and anticipates the development of urban renewal law in our country, with a focus on localization.