Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation on the association between attachment with parents and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in Taiwanese undergraduates. Methods: A total of 399 university students from Taiwan (mean age = 20.35 years) completed online self-report measures assessing attachment with parents, emotion dysregulation and self-harming behaviors. Results: Structural equation modeling indicated that attachment with parents and emotion dysregulation each had a direct association with NSSI. Emotion dysregulation partially mediated the correlation between attachment with parents and NSSI among Taiwanese young adults. Seventy-two participants (18%) reported engaging in NSSI in the past year. Conclusions: The results indicate that NSSI is a prominent health concern among Taiwanese young adults. For young adults from Taiwan or East Asian cultures, targeting emotion dysregulation in NSSI prevention and intervention could be beneficial.