美國違約獲利歸入制度之發展與實踐──兼論適用於我國民法救濟之可行性

Development and Practice of Disgorgement for Breach of Contract in the US: The Feasibility of Applying it to Taiwan’s Civil Law Remedies

違約獲利歸入制度係以剝奪違約利得之手段，避免債務人因自身不當行為而獲利，具有遏止違約之效能。本文分析獲利歸入的目的，非在探討替代現行違約救濟制度之機制，而是尋求當補償性損害賠償對實現衡平原則力有未逮時，藉歸入性救濟矯正民事不當行為的可行性。本文係以美國違約獲利歸入之發展為主軸，分析實踐此制之困境與突破，就美國法律整編所建構之模式與要件為本，考察以往累積之案例，梳理歸納出適用之違約類型，同時觸及晚近實務上之發展與爭議。我國與大多數大陸法系國家相同，並未建構一致性之獲利歸入制度。倘我國立法者認有必要在民法中建立統一的獲利歸入規範，通過現行之制度如不當得利或代償請求權等之解釋與類推，似無法完全貼合獲利歸入所能發揮之效能。故本文以為，若以美國法為借鏡增訂特別請求權，將更能凸顯獲利歸入所欲達成之衡平目的。

Disgorgement is a means of depriving the debtor of the profit from a wrongful act, to prevent the debtor from profiting from its misconduct, and has the effect of deterring a breach of contract The purpose of this paper in analyzing disgorgement is not to explore the mechanism to replace the current system of remedies for breach of contract, but to seek the feasibility of correcting civil misconduct through disgorgement remedy when the traditional means of achieving the principle of equity is insufficient. This article analyzes the dilemma and breakthrough in the practice of disgorgement remedy based on the development in the U.S, examines the accumulated cases in the past based on the models and requirements constructed by the US Restatement of Laws, sorts out and summarizes the applicable types of disgorgement remedy, and discusses the recent practical developments and disputes. Like most civil law countries, the general legal basis of disgorgement remedy in Taiwan is lacking. If the legislators deem it necessary to establish a uniform regulation of disgorgement for breach of contract, it seems that the interpretation and analogy of the current system such as unjust enrichment or claim of the return of reimbursement cannot fulfill the same functions and goals of disgorgement. Therefore, this article argues that if the special disgorgement claim is added by consulting the corresponding US law, it will better highlight the equitable purpose of this new contractual remedy.