社區團體組織推動自主都市更新之研究

Research on Urban Regeneration with“Community-Driven” as Driver

臺灣「都市更新條例」自立法至2019年全文修正前制度設計主要係透過獎勵民間辦理非由政府主導的方式推動，而民間辦理都市更新之方式則以民間機構（建商）擔任實施者居多，長久以來仰賴由市場所主導之都市更新衍生許多實施者與地主資訊不對等的相關問題導致爭議事件頻傳。
有鑑於此，監察院特別就「都市更新以民辦為原則，公辦為例外」之現象對內政部提出糾正，無獨有偶地，司法院也作成釋字第709號解釋指出部分都市更新程序不符合正當行政程序而宣告違憲。
直至2019年「都市更新條例」為解決上述爭議雖已透過修法增訂政府主導專章，並參照司法院釋字第709號解釋文精神修正原不符合憲法要求之正當行政程序相關規定，但如何確保利害關係人知悉相關資訊仍無明確指引。
故本文乃就現行「都市更新條例」探討如何使地主在執行都市更新法定程序階段前，即可使地主獲得正確資訊而決定是否參與都市更新。研究發現可透過社區團體組織功能執行自主都市更新方式建立相關先行機制，有降低推動都市更新權利關係人資訊不對等之可能。

The Urban Renewal Act in Taiwan underwent significant changes from its early stage to the amendment in 2019. The act was initially designed to promote private operations and incentivize participation rather than adopting a government-led approach. The private operations, which refer to the developers, have carried out most of the urban renewal projects. However, the disputes resulting from information asymmetry between implementers and landowners caused by the long-standing reliance on market-driven urban renewal projects occur often.
Given the situation above mentioned, the Control Yuan blamed the Ministry of Interior for the phenomenon that the private operations primarily carried out the urban renewals while public operations were the exception. Moreover, Constitutional Interpretation No. 709 declared the violation of some urban renewal procedures, which were not following proper administrative procedures.
It somehow resolved the disputes above-mentioned until the amendment to the Urban Renewal Act in 2019. Then, the amendment act added the government-led chapters with the spirit of Constitutional Interpretation No. 709, which amended the original administrative due process that failed to meet the constitutional requirements. Nevertheless, how to ensure that the relevant stakeholders are acquainted with proper guidance remains uncertain.
This study explored the Taiwan’s Urban Renewal Act and its implications for landowners. It aimed to provide landowners with accurate information to help them make informed decisions regarding their participation in urban renewal projects before implementing the statutory procedures of urban renewal. The study revealed that establishing an advanced mechanism through a community-driven urban renewal approach could reduce the possibility of disputes over information asymmetry when promoting urban renewal projects.