地方自治團體辦理區段徵收──代為清理地下廢棄物所生費用後續求償之探討

A Study on Claiming Compensation for Underground Waste Disposal Costs When Local Government Implement the Plan of Zone Expropriation

有關地方自治團體辦理區段徵收時，發現地下廢棄物時致生清理費用，是否應由地下廢棄物所在地之原土地所有權人負擔費用，我國現行法制上並無明確規定。雖然依據廢棄物清理法第71條得命土地所有權人負清理義務，但因該土地遭到徵收，另依據土地徵收條例第21條、第40條之規定，原土地所有權人對該土地之權利義務，因受領補償或送達核定發給抵價地通知時終止，因此依據廢棄物清理法求償便發生困難。目前地政機關係以土地所有權人申請抵價地補償時簽訂「行政契約」以作為請求負擔清理地下廢棄物費用之依據，但並不為行政法院所接受，本文則提出應從土地徵收補償處分設定附款之建議，於執行區段徵收發現地下廢棄物時，將法律狀態回復至尚未核定補償之前，根據新事實重新作成補償決定並追究清理費用之法律責任。

In Taiwan when it comes to local-self government implementation of zone expropriation and the discovery of underground waste, there is currently no explicit provision in existing legal framework regarding the allocation of cleanup costs. Although Article 71 of the Waste Disposal Act (WDA) imposes the duty to clean up on the landowners. However, in cases where the land is subject to expropriation, the rights and obligations of the original landowners terminate upon receipt of compensation or notice of the expropriation decision, as stipulated by Articles 21 and 40 of the Land Expropriation Act (LEA). This makes it difficult to seek compensation under the Waste Cleanup Act.
At present, land authorities typically require landowners to sign an“administrative contract”when applying for compensation for expropriated land, placing the responsibility for cleanup costs on the landowners. However, these contracts are not recognized by administrative courts. This article suggests that a supplementary clause should be incorporated into land expropriation compensation dispositions. In cases where underground waste is discovered during the execution of zone expropriation, this clause would revert the legal status to the stage prior to compensation determination. Based on the new facts, a fresh compensation determination would be made, and legal liability for cleanup costs could be pursued.