This article focuses on the problems of imperfect models and slow convergence speed of optimization algorithms in the use of photovoltaic microgrids. Firstly, accurate mathematical models are established based on the composition of photovoltaic microgrids, namely photovoltaic power generation systems and energy storage systems. Then, an improved cat swarm algorithm is used to solve the model, ultimately achieving an increase in solving speed during the process while avoiding the algorithm from falling into local optima. Finally, an intelligent monitoring system for photovoltaic microgrids was designed based on the algorithm process of the article, visualizing the main parameters.