高級中等學校生涯規劃科的過去、現在和未來

Past, Present, and Future of Career Planning Curriculum for Senior High Schools

本文旨在探討高中生涯規劃課程與教學之落實與發展，並提出對未來生涯規劃課綱修改之建議。首先概述國內、外學校生涯教育及生涯輔導的發展，以及生涯教育與輔導的相關理論，作為後續探討的基礎。接著比較2004年及2008年的普通高級中學課程綱要，以及2018年的十二年國教國中、小普高領綱、技高領綱、綜高領綱，前後兩個版本中關於高中生涯規劃科之課程內涵與實施要點，釐清於十二年國教課程變革的脈絡下，高中生涯規劃科在課程內涵、學校教育角色定位與任務等面向所可能遭遇的變化及挑戰。本研究採文獻分析法，區分過去、現在、未來三個部分進行討論：一、「過去：高中生涯規劃科之沿革發展」，探討國外職業輔導到生涯發展、臺灣從輔導工作到學科設置、高中生涯規劃科課程內涵的演變以及生涯規劃科課程理論基礎；二、「現在：生涯規劃科的角色、課程內涵與師資培育」，探討不同教育階段的生涯規劃課程角色、高中生涯規劃課程內涵、生涯規劃學科課程之加深、加廣擴展與高中生涯規劃科師資培育規劃；三、「未來：高中生涯規劃科的未來挑戰與因應之道」，提出建立生涯規劃學科主體性，強調生涯資訊、生涯教育與生涯輔導多重任務之平衡、優化技職教育生涯規劃課程等。最後，根據研究結果提出結論與建議，期待高中生涯規劃科未來能夠更加專業化、專門化及差異化，以作為啟動未來生涯規劃課程變革之參考。

This study explored the implementation and development of the career planning curriculum at high schools and proposes suggestions for revising the career planning curriculum. We first reviewed the development of career education and career counseling in other countries and the theories related to career education and counseling; this information was the basis for subsequent exploration. We next compared the 2004 and 2008 Senior High School Curriculum Guidelines and examined the 2018 12-Year Basic Education Curriculum Guidelines for senior high schools (comprising regular, skills-based, and comprehensive schools). To clarify the changes and challenges that may affect the curriculum and the role and mission of school education in the context of the 12-year basic education curriculum, a literature analysis was conducted and focused on three components, namely the past, present, and future. (1) Centered on the theme “ History and development of career planning in senior high schools,” the “past” component entailed exploration of the evolution from career counseling to career development in foreign countries, the evolution from counseling to subject setting in Taiwan, the evolution of the career planning curriculum for senior high schools in Taiwan, and the theoretical basis of the curriculum. (2) The present component was focused on “Roles, curriculum content, and teacher training,” and it entailed exploration of the role of career planning courses at various educational levels, the content of career planning courses for senior high schools, the deepening and expansion of career planning courses, and the planning of teacher training. (3) The future component was centered on the theme of “Challenges encountered by career planning departments of senior high schools and their corresponding responses.” For this component, the study proposes the incorporation of subjectivity into the career planning curriculum to emphasize balancing multiple tasks (i.e., career information, career education, and career counseling) and optimizing the career planning curriculum for technical and vocational education institutions. This study concludes that the career planning departments of senior high schools should enhance their professionalism and focus on specialized and differentiated areas in the future. These findings can serve as a reference for initiating future changes in the career planning curriculum.