基本權利教義學中刑事訴訟法與憲法規範解釋的互動——以《憲法》第130條獲得辯護權條款爲例

The Interaction between Criminal Procedure Law and Constitution Interpretation in the Legal Dogmatics of Fundamental Rights —Taking the Right to Defense Clause in Article 130 of the Constitution as an Example

刑事訴訟法與憲法基本權利的合致性决定了刑事訴訟法中諸多規範的解釋必須關照憲法中的基本權利，而憲法教義學中對基本權利條款的解釋又需要重視從刑事訴訟法規範中尋求方案。經由刑事訴訟法中“被告人”概念以及辯護權條款沿革的解釋，作爲憲法基本權利的獲得辯護權，其權利保護範圍應包括刑事訴訟各階段的被追訴人。而獲得辯護權以客觀價值秩序功能課以立法者積極履行在國家追訴程序中創設和維護辯護制度的義務的同時，又可作爲審視刑事辯護制度規範體系，完善監察委員會調查程序中獲得律師幫助等具體制度之憲法合致性的依據。圍繞基本權利進行的刑事訴訟法規範與憲法規範解釋的互動，可以作爲研究被告人權利憲法化這一宏大議題的進路之一。

The consistence of the Criminal Procedure Law and the fundamental rights of the Constitution determines that the interpretation of many norms in the Criminal Procedure Law must pay attention to the fundamental rights, and the interpretation of the fundamental rights also needs to pay attention to seeking solutions from the norms of the Criminal Procedure Law. The right to defense is a fundamental right, which is explained by the concept of “defendant” in the criminal procedure law and the evolution of the right to defense clause. The protection should include the accused in all stages of criminal proceedings. According to the theory of objective value order of fundamental rights, the constitutional significance of obtaining the right of defense to the construction of criminal defense system is embodied in that the legislators actively perform the obligation of creating and maintaining the defense system in the prosecution procedure. The interaction between the norms of criminal procedure law and the interpretation of constitutional norms around the fundamental rights can be regarded as one of the approaches to study the constitutionalization of rights of defendants.