債務人財産處分權配置的反思與重構——以《破産法解釋三》第15條爲視角

Reflection and Reconstruction of Disposition of Debtor's Right to Dispose of Property —From the Perspective of Article 15 of the Third Interpretation of Bankruptcy Law

在破産經營理念下，破産企業的持續經營價值逐漸爲學界所認可，安全而高效地配置債務人財産的處分權至關重要。《破産法解釋三》第15條規定“管理人處分債務人重大財産，應當提交債權人會議表决”，明顯犧牲了處分效率。應當貫徹“安全與效率並重”的理念，依據處分行爲的性質和重要程度，分層次配置債務人財産處分權：特別重大事項，經債權人會議通過後處分；一般重大事項，經人民法院許可後處分；普通事項，由管理人自行處分。既有監督體系除因制度協調需要而作適當優化外，還應增設相關制度以强化監督力度。如此，當可有效實現債權人利益保護與債務人財産處分效率之間的平衡。

Under the concept of bankruptcy management, the value of the bankrupt enterprise’s continuous operation is gradually recognized by the academic circle, and it is very important to dispose the debtor’s property safely and efficiently. Article 15 of the third interpretation of the bankruptcy law stipulates that “If the administrator disposes of the major property of the debtor, it shall submit it to the creditors’meeting for a vote”, obviously sacrificing the efficiency of the disposition. According to the nature and importance of disposition, the right of disposing property of the debtor should be assigned in different levels: especially important matters should be disposed after the adoption of the creditors’ meeting; general important matters shall be disposed of with the permission of the People’s Court; general matters shall be disposed of by the administrator. The existing supervision system should not only be optimized due to the need of system coordination, but also be strengthened by the establishment of relevant systems. Thus, the balance between the protection of the creditor’s interests and the efficiency of the debtor’s property disposal can be realized effectively.