東亞國家閱讀素養教育效率比較——以PISA 2018為例

Comparison of Efficiency of Reading/Literacy Education in East Asian Countries in PISA 2018

本研究旨在探討臺灣、日本、韓國的閱讀素養教育在學生、學校、國家層級與整體的教育效率差異，並探究高與低學習成就學生及社經背景優勢與劣勢學生的閱讀素養教育效率差異。本研究採資料包絡分析和效率分解法進行多層級的效率研究，資料來自PISA 2018年的學生問卷及閱讀素養評量。分析結果顯示，三個國家之中，「學生層級效率」以日本最佳，「國家層級效率」則以韓國最佳，臺灣在「學校層級效率」與「整體效率」表現最佳。臺灣表現的劣勢項目在於「學生層級效率」的社經地位弱勢學生，以及「國家層級效率」的全部學生。基於上述研究結果，針對臺灣表現的劣勢項目，建議應優先加強社經地位弱勢學生的閱讀教學與學習策略，以提升學習效率，同時宜將國家的教育經費及資源依據學生需求合理分配。最後，建議推動閱讀政策法制化措施，確保閱讀政策的實施可以永續推展。

This study compared the efficiency of the reading/literacy education of Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. We focused not only on efficiency differences at the student, school, country, and overall levels but also on the efficiency differences with respect to students with high and low academic achievements and students with advantaged and disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Data envelopment analysis and efficiency decomposition were employed to conduct multilevel efficiency analysis. The results revealed that among the three countries, Japan and South Korea achieved the highest efficiency at the student and national levels, respectively, and Taiwan achieved the highest efficiency at the school and overall levels. Taiwan exhibited poor efficiency at the student level for students with a disadvantaged socioeconomic status and at the national level for all students. On the basis of the research results, we propose several suggestions for Taiwan. First, Taiwan should strengthen the teaching and learning of reading strategies for students with a disadvantaged socioeconomic status to improve their learning efficiency. Second, educational funds and resources should be allocated reasonably depending on the needs of students. Finally, the formulation of reading policies should be promoted to ensure the sustainability of implemented plans.