完美主義者的養成與轉化：一位明星高中女學生的生命敘說

Self-Narration of Experience as a Perfectionist from a Female Student in a Prestigious High School

本研究採生命敘說研究方法，以Fromm社會性格和愛的藝術之論述，梳理一位明星高中女學生成長歷程中家庭、學校和社會教育內之親子、師生、同儕互動模式，及負向完美主義性格形塑與轉化之可能關係。研究發現，負向完美主義女學生的父母不見得有類似性格特徵，而是自己錯以僵化自我與社群認同標準來評判自己及同儕表現，因而產生過高失敗焦慮和權威性格。轉化這種性格的重要方法，是營造強調認識自己與同儕獨特性及民主參與和關懷互助的學習文化，讓女學生自戀及連結本能被導向同時包含自我獨特性及社群共善之愛的關係，而不用再依靠僵化的競爭文化和權威性格。

This study used a life narrative research method to explore the growth process of an overachieving female high school student with a perfectionist streak. Expanding on Fromm’s work on social character and the art of love, this study evaluated negative perfectionism from the perspectives of parent-child, teacher-student, and peer-to-peer interactions at home, in school, and in society. Subsequently, the effects of these interactions on shaping a perfectionist personality are examined. Although the parents of the negative perfectionist high school student did not necessarily share the same personality traits as their daughter, they held rigidly defined identification standards with which they judged both themselves and others in their community. This resulted in an excessive fear of failure and the emergence of an authoritarian character. Establishing a learning culture that emphasizes an understanding of one’s and others’ uniqueness, the process of democratic participation, and mutual care were essential in negating such characteristics. Consequently, the narcissism and libidinal impulses of the high school student could be reoriented towards a relationship that fosters an understanding one’s uniqueness and love for bettering one’s community, shedding their dependence on a rigid culture of competition and their authoritarian character.