臺灣、德國小學校規之文本分析與比較──以當代臺、德各20所小學之校規為例

Text Analysis and Comparison of Primary School Regulations in Taiwan and Germany

校規作為學校生活的基本準則，其不僅僅是文字規章，更重要的是背後所反映的教育理念、在此理念下所營造出來的學校文化，以及因此所形塑的學校生活空間。本研究透過文本分析與字詞出現頻率的計算，針對臺灣與德國各20所小學的校規加以分析、比較，指出其在形式與內容上所展現的各種校規樣貌。就目前的比較來看，臺灣的校規往往由學校單方面所決定，學生在校規產生與制定過程中無足輕重；校規絕大部分是以禁令的方式呈現，具有相當的規訓色彩；針對違反校規的處置方式，主要是報復性的懲罰，教育意義幾希。相對而言，雖然某些德國學校的校規也有類似的現象，但學生在某些學校的校規中是發起者或共同訂定者，或者，校規所規範的多半是人際之間的衝突解決與相處的方式等，這些比較為我們開啟了另一種思考校規的視野。

School rules shape a school and reflect a school’s educational philosophy and culture. This research compares the written school regulations of 20 primary schools in Taiwan and Germany. These texts were analyzed with regard to how frequently certain words appeared and what the educational content of these rules were. School regulations in Taiwan are often unilaterally determined by the school. Students play only a minor role in the process of generating and formulating school regulations; most school regulations are presented as restrictions with certain punishments. Violations usually result in retaliatory punishment, which is of little educational significance. Although the school regulations of some German schools possess similar characteristics, students are sometimes the initiators or cocreators of school regulations; most school regulations focused on the resolution of interpersonal conflict. Our findings aid the formulation and research of school regulations.