國際民事訴訟法上契約弱勢當事人之保護管轄

Protective Jurisdiction in International Civil Procedure Law: With Emphasis on the Protection of Weaker Party in a Contract

涉外成分對當事人接近法院、使用司法救濟程序造成干擾。涉外民商事件當事人一方為強勢者另一方為弱勢者時，涉外成分所引發之干擾及程序利益、選法利益、實體利益三者失衡之風險，弱勢者無經濟與法律資源而不具承受能力，不得不放棄利用國際管轄制度主張權利或防衛權利，對弱勢者之程序保障反被架空，故當事人一方為強勢者另一方為弱勢者之事件類型，有必要選用或設計滿足涉外民商事件特性並足以降低或排除對弱勢者程序保障之干擾與架空風險的程序保障方式，藉消除涉外成分對當事人接近法院、利用訴訟制度之干擾，建構對弱勢者提供充分程序保障之保護管轄制度。本文從制度論之角度，以契約弱勢當事人之保護為中心，就保護管轄之定義、成因、策略、運用，為全面之體系性探討。

Certain disputes, where one of the parties is assumed to be in a substantially weaker position and therefore in need of enhanced procedural protection, are subject to a protective jurisdictional regime: for policyholders and other beneficiaries under insurance contracts, for individual contracts of employment, and for consumer contracts. The main idea behind the protective jurisdictional regime is to protect the weaker party against being sued in a country rather than his own, while at the same time giving the same weaker party the option to sue in his own country even when the defendant is domiciled in another country. This article aims to present and critically assess the protective jurisdictional regime for the weaker parties.