高等教育在學率與所得分配公平關聯的探索：以國民所得為中介變項

The Relation between Higher Education Enrollment Rate and Equity Distribution of Income: Per Capita Income as a Mediator

本研究從世界銀行蒐集 2015 至 2018 年 41 國資料,探討高等教育在學率與國民所得和所得分配公平的關聯。結論如下:這四個年度的高等教育在學率和所得分配公平沒有顯著關聯,然而國民所得與所得分配公平為正向顯著關聯;高等教育在學率透過國民所得對所得分配公平的影響具有完全中介效果。2015 與 2018 年臺灣高等教育在學率,在各國吉尼係數與國民所得條件下,超出全球平均 33.86 及 24.40 個百分點;臺灣的吉尼係數低於全球平均 2.54 與 5.46。可見臺灣高等教育在學率擴充與所得分配公平有關。本研究貢獻是,高等教育在學率沒有直接提升所得分配公平,而是透過國民所得才提升所得分配公平,因此高等教育在學率擴充下,良好經濟發展是所得分配公平的關鍵。針對結論討論,提出建議。

 

This study collected data of 41 countries from 2015 to 2018 from the World Bank report to explore the mediating role of per capita income in the relationship between higher education enrolment rate and equity of income distribution. The results revealed no correlation between the higher education enrolment rate and equity of income distribution in the 4-year study period. However, income was significantly related to the equity of income distribution. Over the 4-year study period, the per capita income of countries had a mediating effect on the relationship between the higher education enrolment rate and equity of income distribution, that is, a higher education enrollment rate corresponded to greater equity of income distribution through per capita income. In 2015 and 2018, Taiwan’s higher education enrollment rate exceeded the global average by 33.86 and 24.40 percentage points based on the Gini coefficient and national income of various countries; Taiwan’s Gini coefficient was lower than the global average of 2.54 and 5.46, respectively. An increase in Taiwan’s the rate of enrolment in higher education was also related to the equitable distribution of income. However, the higher education enrollment rate did not improve the equity of income distribution directly but indirectly through the mediating effect of per capita income. Although the higher education enrollment rate has been increasing in many countries, rapid economic development is a key factor influencing the equity of income distribution. The paper finally makes suggestions.