誰是重考生？以全國考招資料檢視重考趨勢、考生特質及領域偏好

Who Are the Exam-Retakers? Investigating Retaker's Trend, Demographic Characteristics and Field Preferences Using Administrative Data

本研究串接大考中心及大學招生委員會聯合會之行政資料進行加值應用分析，以「高中畢業三年內重考」為定義，初探重考趨勢、重考生特質與科系偏好之整體圖像，得到數點結論：一、近三年重考率確有增加，但實際數據未如媒體報導誇張。二、學測總級分偏高、男生的重考率較高；而家戶收入低者，重考率較低。三、畢業於平均程度愈好的高中、或都市化程度愈高地區，重考機率愈高；來自南部的考生重考率略高。四、三種主要入學管道的重考率有差異。五、重考率最高之三領域為「醫藥衛生及社會福利領域」、「農業、林業、漁業及獸醫領域」、「自然科學、數學及統計領域」。比起輿論批評的「教改無法達到適性教育」，社會競爭論更能解釋重考行為。此外，輿論曾出現的「挑桃子」比喻，亦相當值得留意—指考錄取的考生，未必是壞桃子，但就讀穩定度可能最差。

Using the administrative data from College Entrance Examination Center, this study investigates retaking trends, demographic characteristics and field preference. Findings include: (1) There is indeed an increasing trend of exam-retaking since 2018. (2) Generally speaking, those who score higher have higher retaking rate than those who score lower do; males are more likely to become retakers than females; students from low-income families have lower retaking rate. (3) Students from urban areas or from high schools with higher mean scores have higher retaking rate; students from Southern Taiwan have a slightly higher rate of exam-retaking. (4) Comparing three college-entrance channel, first-time takers who got admitted through the last channel (examination and allocation) have much higher retaking rate than those admitted through the other two channels (star program and admission via application program). (5) Comparing the fields of first-time takers who got admitted in, the top three fields with highest retaking rate are: “Medicine, Health and Social Welfare”, “Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Veterinary Medicine” and “Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics”. Overall, exam-retaking is more likely to be related to severe competition for certain “dream departments”, especially medicine.