Moderate-to-large earthquakes cause problems such as severe damage to buildings, critical infrastructure failure, and road blockages. For example, during the 1994 Northridge earthquake (ML6.6), 1995 Kobe earthquake (ML7.2), and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (ML7.3), strong ground motion caused the collapse of buildings and indirectly resulted in road blockages, which not only negatively affected the operation of urban functions but also triggered failures in related and connected systems, effectively amounting to a disaster cascade. Road networks are crucial in an emergency, such as the aftermath of a strong earthquake, at which time rescued people must be immediately transported to rescue staging sites, injured people must be taken to hospitals, assistance must be transported to the scene, and repair work must be conducted on damaged infrastructure. With rapid urbanization, Taiwan is becoming increasingly dependent on its transportation infrastructure. Governments must consider the disaster impact chain to reduce the harmful consequences of disasters. For instance, post-earthquake casualties and the socioeconomic impacts of fire events generally have a greater negative impact than do the losses directly caused by earthquakes. The current study developed a disaster impact chain triggered by the collapse of buildings after an earthquake. We integrated the road blocking mode and post-earthquake fire mode and developed a set of procedures and methods. The results of this research can be used as a basis for determining the damage to road systems after earthquakes, guiding the operation of disaster prevention and relief facilities, informing reasonable and effective decision-making during disasters, and serving as a reference for the government facility inspection and priority restoration work.
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