文化技藝、媒介考古和控制論：德國媒介研究近況闡述

Kulturtechnik, Media Archaeology, and Cybernetics: On Recent Developments of German Media Studies

近年來，德國媒介理論在華語學術圈頗受關注。基德勒、齊林斯基、埃爾塞瑟、克拉瑪及近期的皮亞斯、恩斯特、西格特、威茲曼等人及其著作受到譯介，媒介考古、媒介技術、文化技藝等概念也得到一定闡述。然而譯介零散、研究不足，常造成認知混亂和理解困難。本文基於比較和歷史研究的方法，試圖將「德國媒介研究」置入德國傳播學史及其代際演變之中，在多種媒介體系的參照下，考察與德國媒介學派開創者基德勒有著密切聯繫且影響日盛的三種代表學說：文化技藝、媒介考古和控制論，以此來梳理和探討德國媒介理論從1980年代至今所呈現出的反叛、變節和遞歸的變化脈絡。

 

For the past few years, German media theory has achieved a broad attention inside Chinese academic circles. Works by Kittler, Zielinski, Elsaesser, and more recent ones such as Pias, Ernst, Bernhard, Krämer, Vismann, etc., have been translated into Chinese. Concepts such as media archaeology, media technology, and cultural techniques have also been explicated. However, due to sporadic translations and lack of research, these works often appear to be confusing and difficult to understand. Based on comparative and historical methods, this article investigates "German media theory" from the perspective of the history of German media theories and its generational changes. This article focuses on three representative Kittlerian media theories, i.e. Kulturtechnik, radical media archaeology, and cybernetics, especially on their most recent influences, in order to analyze and discuss the rebellious, apostate, and recursive trends under which German media theories have developed since 1980s.