The Curriculum Guidelines of the 12-Year Basic Education of the Ministry of Education emphasize that students should be spontaneous and motivated learners. Thus, the role of schools is to stimulate students’ learning motivation and enthusiasm in order to prepare them for future societal adaptation and obtain the ability to be a life-time learner. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effects of integrating autonomous learning into the specialized Spanish translation class. The survey findings cover the following aspects: 1) course design: curriculum planning and didactic methodology and process; 2) translation assignments: individual and team work, semester-end learning projects; 3) translation assessment; 4) learning effectiveness. According to the students’ feedback from the questionnaires, the research demonstrates that students’ learning motivations and translation competences can be fostered in autonomous learning by the following methods: changing the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom, allowing students to decide their own learning strategies, and combining controlled motivational factors to encourage students.