數位化時代的裁判外紛爭處理制度──從ADR到ODR的程序保障

Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Digital Era: Safeguarding Due Process from ADR to ODR

相較於國際發展，我國裁判外紛爭處理制度有必要強化之部分，主要有二，其一是民間型裁判外紛爭處理（ADR）制度；另一則是線上紛爭處理（ODR）制度。本文以此二者為研究對象，探討以下課題：關於民間型ADR制度：為提供當事人優質之紛爭處理制度選擇可能，進而減輕司法及行政機關之負擔，如何藉由律師之參與以強化民間型ADR之運作，促成當事人合意解決紛爭；關於ODR制度：在數位化時代，線上交易增生，紛爭亦隨之而來。ODR雖源自於ADR制度，主要建立在當事人合意之基礎上，但另有其特性。廣義之ODR涵蓋法院程序之線上數位化，惟為能集中討論議題，本文以消費紛爭為對象，參考國外發展狀況，探討法院外之ODR制度，其特色、類型、重要之程序原則及在我國之建置可能。

Comparing with the international developments, improvement for the ADR system in Taiwan is needed for two main areas—the private ADR system and the ODR system. Both of these areas are discussed in this article. For the private ADR, in order to provide the parties with the opportunity of choosing a quality dispute resolution system and to reduce the burden of the judicial and administrative authorities, introducing the participation of lawyers into the private ADR system is desired. It would allow lawyers to facilitate a consensual dispute resolution between the parties, hence strengthening the private ADR system. As for the ODR, in this digital era, e-commerce fosters along with e-commerce disputes. Although ODR is developed from ADR and is mainly based on the consent of the parties, it has its own uniqueness. Whereas a broader definition of ODR would encompass the digitalization of the proceedings in court, for the purpose of concentrating discussions, this article, with references to the overseas developments of ODR, focuses on the subject of consumer disputes resolution out of courts while exploring the features, types, and important procedural principles of ODR, as well as its prospects of formation under the legal system of Taiwan.