本研究探討我國銀行業是否會藉選擇性的實現備供出售 (available-for-sale, AFS) 金融資產損益來從事盈餘及資本適足率 (capital adequacy ratio, CAR) 調配。樣本包含2013至2017年之39家台灣銀行。結果發現：當未加計已實現AFS淨利小於本期淨利時，銀行每股已實現AFS金融資產利益增加 $0.135。另外，當銀行CAR相較前三年平均值為高時，銀行每股已實現AFS金融資產利益將減少 $0.038。再者，我們發現規模較小，舉債程度較低的銀行，其每股已實現AFS利益金額相對較高。這些發現具相當政策意涵。亦即，國內金融檢查機關在執行金融稽查時，可依據不同管理因素、銀行規模、及資本結構制定不同之查核程序以提升稽查效率。

This study examines whether banks in Taiwan exercise managerial discretion to smooth earnings and manage Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) by timing the realization of holding gains or losses from Available-for-Sale financial assets (AFS). The sample comprises 39 commercial banks from 2013-2017. We find that realized gains from AFS increases by $0.135 per share when banks’ earnings before realized gains from AFS are less than reported earnings. Further, we find that the realized gains from AFS decreases by $0.038 per share when the disclosed current-year CARs are greater than the average ones for the past three years. Finally, we find banks’ earnings and CAR management behavior can be affected by their size and capital structures. These findings have practical implications in improving the efficiency of financial oversight and examination by Financial Examination Bureau of Taiwan.