高職的公民培力微課程發展

Developing a Civic Empowerment Microcourse for Vocational High Schools

既有文獻指出，高職公民教育成效不如普通高中，且往往忽略培育學生成為批判反思的參與公民。為回應此一不足，本研究首先以焦點團體法，蒐集高職公民教師對公民課程實施的想法。繼而提出以公民培力為核心理念之高職公民課程方案，最後選擇一所私立高職實施方案，並透過參與觀察法，對課程與教學進行反思與修正。本研究結果有四點：首先，為培育公民意識與提升公民效能，公民課程應著墨於分析體制與公民生活之間的關聯性，並點出公民如何得以影響體制運作；其次，相對於過往公民教學僅重視理性分析能力，本研究主張，感受敘說有助於引領學生關注不同社會群體的處境，因而有助於開啟理性邏輯論辯；第三，在討論公民權利受侵害時，學生常落入道德二元論並訴諸於譴責個人，因此教師應有意識突破簡化二元劃分，引領學生意識到制度的設計與修正才是分析重點；最後，建議公民課程可結合學生自治，應有助於發展批判反思民主政治並提升學生公民參與能力。

The literature highlights that the civic education of vocational high schools is less effective than that of academic high schools, often neglecting to help students become participating citizens with critical thinking abilities. In response to this deficiency, this study first uses the focus group method to collect the opinions of vocational high school civic teachers regarding their civics course implementation. Subsequently, a civics course with the concept of civic empowerment at its core is developed, and the course is examined and amended through participant observation in an actual teaching setting in a private vocational high school. The research results are as follows: First, to cultivate civic awareness and enhance civic effectiveness, civics courses should focus on analyzing the relationship between institutions and civic life and demonstrate how citizens can influence the operation of institutions. Second, although civics teaching typically focuses on rational analysis, emotional narratives can be employed so that students gain awareness of the situations of different social groups and thus help them to form rational and logical arguments. Third, because students often employ a moral dichotomy and condemn individuals when discussing civil rights infringement, teachers should aid students in overcoming this simplified dichotomy and guide them to realize that the emphasis should be on the design and modification of regulation systems. Finally, combining civics courses and student self-government may be useful for helping students think critically about democracy and improve their civic participation ability.