苗栗四縣客家話單字調半音轉換聲學分析

Acoustic Analysis of the Citation Tones in Miaoli Sixian Hakka: Based on Semitone Transformation Formula

本研究利用聲學分析苗栗四縣客家話六個單字調，參與者為12名以苗栗四縣客家話為母語的中年層發音人（男女各半）。本研究首先採集這些發音人的單字調，接著利用PRAAT測量基頻長度，並在基頻曲線上平均選取11個點測量基頻數值，隨後將基頻數值轉換為半音值（semitone [ST] value）。分析結果顯示，經半音值公式轉換的苗栗四縣客家話六個單字調的調值分別為[34, 31, 41, 55, 42, 55]，這個結果與運用T值公式轉換的結果差異不大。本研究發現，不論利用T值或ST值，傳統調查與聲學分析不一致之處均是低調域的單字調。有鑑於此，未來研究的重點應放在調值如何調整，從而使得低調域的單字調在傳統調查與聲學分析之間能趨於一致。

This study acoustically explored six citation tones in Miaoli Sixian Hakka (MSH) in terms of semitone transformation formula. Twelve middle-aged MSH native speakers participated in this study. First, this study recorded the citation tones of these MSH native speakers; then, PRAAT was used to measure F0 duration. The F0 duration was averagely divided into 10 portions, and the F0 values of the 11 points were extracted. The extracted F0 values were then transformed into semitone values. Using the formula, the tonal values of the six citation tones in MSH were [34, 31, 41, 55, 42, 55], similar to those obtained using the T-value transformation formula. This study found that the descriptive discrepancy between traditional survey and acoustic analysis lies in the citation tones in the low-tone register. Therefore, future studies should emphasize the modulation of tonal values to match acoustic analysis with traditional survey.