亞洲四小龍公民社會組織的國際化網絡初探

An Exploration for International Networks of Civil Society in Asian Tiger Economies

本研究利用社會網絡法，分析後冷戰時期東亞四小龍公民社會組織的網絡樣貌。研究結果發現英國與東亞公民社會的連結微弱，而日本則在戰後美國扶植下，建立垂直地域分工的大東亞共榮圈經濟網絡，形成亞洲四小龍公民社會團體網絡重要的節點，即使是在美國霸權支配以及中國新興勢力崛起下，日本與東亞四小龍公民社會的網絡仍較美、中密切。後冷戰時期，四小龍經濟體完成現代化自主國家／政府的建立，新興的民主政體對中國與美國之間建立起幾乎維持著等距關係的社會團體網絡，以協調國家安全與經濟發展的利益平衡。至於四小龍中的南韓，則隨政治、經濟與文化網絡的擴展，與其他臺、港、星的網絡緊密度更甚於中、美兩個強權國家。不同於過去從經濟網絡而來的分析，強調的是全球資本的跨界影響，東亞四小龍的公民社會網絡是以日、韓為中心組織起來，國家與市民團體在地緣政治中都扮演關鍵性的角色。

Using social network analysis, this article explores the civil networks among Asian Tiger Economies in the context of global governance. The relationship between the traditional colonial governments-- UK and Japan and their colonies are different. UK draws back gradually from Asian civil organizations network while Japan still maintains intensive interactions and rebuilds the “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” based on the vertical division supported by the US government. In the process of nation/government building, Asian Tiger Economies all maintain equivalent relationship with the US and with China. In so doing, they can balance national security and economic development. South Korea is the most positive one in participating international groups, which promotes it as the second important node of Asian civil network. The network analysis of international civil society provides an alternative approach in which governments and civil societies both play important roles for understanding the global governance embedded in Asian geopolitics.