以連結開放資料服務為基礎的數位人文平臺建設方案研究

計算科學在人文學科的應用促使數位人文的誕生。作為一種跨學科的研究領域，數位人文已經吸引了大量電腦科學、資訊科學與人文研究領域的學者投身其中。圖書館作為一種有著悠久歷史的人類知識收集、保存和傳播的社會機構，積累了大量符合圖書館和資訊標準的、高度結構化的資料，這些資料對於數位人文來說是至關重要的。然而，傳統的館藏資料庫並不是以數位人文學科研究的方式所構建，這使得數位人文研究者難以直接使用。本研究試圖通過使用開放連結資料的方法來改造和規範傳統的數位館藏的格式，建立一系列各自獨立又相互關聯的知識庫來解決這個問題，以為數位人文研究提供更好的支撐。這些知識庫主要包括四種基礎知識庫和一系列文獻知識庫。基礎知識庫即歷史人物規範庫、歷史地理知識庫、歷史紀年知識庫、歷史事件知識庫，分別對應著人、地、時、事這四種與文獻內容密切相關的四個維度，以連結開放資料（LOD）的方式，為多種多樣不同資料結構和資料格式的文獻知識庫提供面向內容的開放資料服務，在資料底層實現多種多媒體文獻知識庫的互聯互通，從而構建面向數位人文研究的資料基礎架構。本文以上海圖書館利用已建立的基礎知識庫提供的連結開放資料服務，實現了兩種文獻知識庫（盛宣懷檔案館知識庫和家譜知識庫）的互聯互通作為案例，詳細介紹設計開發的過程以及異構文獻資源在資料底層實現深度融合的方法和途徑。

The computational applications in humanities prompted the debut of Digital Humanities. As an interdisciplinary research field, It is drawing an increasing interest from scholars in computer science, information science, and humanities. Libraries as a type of social institution have a long history of collecting, preserving and spreading the knowledge of mankind and have cumulated a vast amount of highly structured data conforming to library and information standards. These data are fundamentally important for digital humanities. However, traditional digital collections in libraries are not built in the way that digital humanities research requires, which makes it difficult for digital humanities researchers to use them directly. This study is to address this problem through using the Linked Data approach to build knowledge bases in transforming and normalizing traditional digital collections into the format that can be easily deployed by digital humanities research. The pilot of four knowledge bases have been developed for people, places, time, and events respectively: Historical People Authority Control Database, Historical Geography Knowledge Base, Historical Chronology Knowledge Base, and Historical Events Knowledge Base. These knowledge bases form the content infrastructure for us to provide Linked Open Data(LOD) services, which enables sophisticated searches and uses of document resources knowledge base with multiple types of documents and multimedia, instead of digital collections with only a keyword search function. Based on the LOD services provided by the knowledge bases at Shanghai Library, two literature resources knowledge bases were developed to demonstrate the feasibility of LOD services: the Genealogy Knowledge Service Platform of Shanghai Library and the Sheng Xuanhuai Archives Knowledge Base of Shanghai Library. The process of design and development as well as the way through which resources are interlinked are described in detail in this paper as a case study.