網絡位置與創新成果：知識多樣性的調節角色

Network Position and Innovation Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Knowledge Diversity

網絡位置對創新的影響如何？相關理論主張與實證結果尚無定論。本研究提出一個權變架構，將知識多樣性定位為調節角色，進而影響網絡位置和創新之間的關係。本研究以台灣文化創意產業的廠商為研究對象，實證結果顯示，在高度的知識多樣性下，佔有網絡結構洞位置對廠商的利用性創新和探索性創新具有正向的影響。此外，我們發現知識多樣性會負向調節網絡中心性與探索性創新之間的正向關係，申言之，具有網絡中心位置的廠商在追求探索性創新時需考量網絡的知識多樣性。我們的實證結果也發現，儘管在知識多樣性程度較低的情況下，網絡中心性與利用性創新之間的關係呈現顯著正相關，但在知識多樣性程度較高的情況下，這種正向關係不再顯著，換言之，當知識多樣性較低時，企業建立網絡中心性的位置以追求利用性創新較能產生令人滿意的成果。

Extant studies are inconclusive on the effects of network positions on innovation. We examine a contingency framework that positions knowledge diversity as moderating the relationship between network position and innovation. We draw our data from a sample of firms in the cultural and creative industries in Taiwan. Our results show that structural holes have a positive effect on exploitative and explorative innovation under a high degree of knowledge diversity. In addition, we find that knowledge diversity weakens the positive impact of network centrality on explorative innovation. More specifically, firms pursuing explorative innovation come from a position of network centrality but are dependent on the knowledge diversity in a network. Finally, our results show that while the relationship between network centrality and exploitative innovation is significantly positive under a low degree of knowledge diversity, this effect is no longer apparent under a high degree of knowledge diversity. This suggests that exploitative innovation is a more satisfactory approach when a firm is in a network characterized by low knowledge diversity.