代間學習活動的規畫與實施

The Planning and Implementation of Intergenerational Learning Activities

近年來，隨著社會的快速變遷，為人類社會的發展帶來不少的挑戰，其中因人口結構改變所帶來的少子化和高齡化問題，備受我國關注，相關討論，頗為豐碩，而代間學習活動則是箇中常被提及的一項議題，被認為可以強化不同世代之間的連結，本研究即以此議題為探討主題，期能針對代間學習活動的規畫與實施有更深入的瞭解，此為研究之主要動機。本研究採取文獻探討的方法，分析整理代間學習相關的文獻資料，並參酌哲學、社會心理學、神經科學、行為經濟學等領域之觀點，提出代間學習活動規畫與實施的可行作法。研究的結果指出，代間學習活動的規畫應該採取互惠性的原則，讓不同世代互蒙其利，成就雙贏；共融性的原則，增加彼此的理解，和諧共處；情意性的原則，重視情感聯繫，深化代間關係；擴展性的原則，提高活動受益的影響群體，超越家庭的範疇。至於代間學習活動的實施可以採取的策略作法，包括活動要掌握世代的學習特性，發揮加乘的效果；選擇能共融體驗的活動，強化世代的情感聯繫；善用統體的影響作用，激發活動參與的動機；採用適配的活動策略，提升代間學習的成效；定位活動的真正目的，避免落入傳統的思維框架；洞察活動的實施成果，導入推力的概念作用。整體而言，透過代間學習活動可以增加各世代之間的交流互動，進行意義性的資源交換和相互學習，從而鞏固家庭的基石，優化家庭關係的品質，促進個人及社會利益。

Over the past few years, with the rapid social changes, many challenges have been brought to the development of human society. Among them, the problem of declining birthrate and aging caused by changes in population structure has led to much attention from our country, and relevant discussions have been quite fruitful. The intergenerational learning activity is a topic often mentioned in the society and regarded as a strategy to strengthen the connection between different generations. The paper hopes to have a deeper understanding of the planning and implementation of intergenerational learning which is the main motivation for this research. This research adopts Document Analysis and sorts out the literature related to intergenerational learning, and reviews the viewpoints of philosophy, social psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics. Based on the research, the planning of intergenerational learning activities should be followed by the principle of reciprocity, so that different generations benefit from each other and achieve a win-win situation; the principle of inclusiveness increases mutual understanding and get along with harmony; the principle of affection, emphasis on emotional connections, and deepen relationship between different generations; the principle of scalability, to increase its influence to a whole new level beyond family structure. There are some strategies that can be adopted in the implementation of intergenerational learning activities. Firstly, to master the learning characteristics of the generation and get a multiple effect. Secondly, to choose activities that can integrate experience and strengthen the emotional connection of generations. Thirdly, to make good use of the influence of the community and increase the motivation to participate in the activity. Fourthly, to adopt suitable activity strategies to enhance the effectiveness of intergenerational learning. Fifthly, to reflect the real purpose of the activity and avoid falling into traditional orientations. Finally, to get insight into the implementation of activities and use the concept of nudge. On the whole, many studies have pointed out that through intergenerational learning activities, interactions between generations can be increased, meaningful resource exchange and mutual learning can be carried out, thereby consolidating the structure of the family, optimizing the quality of family relationships, and promoting personal and social benefits.