課程改革與學校文化之探討

Curriculum Reform and School Culture

課程改革是近年國內推動一連串教育改革的核心工作。一般說來，課程改革主要的理論取向有：技術取向、文化取向、結構取向、社會歷史取向、政治取向、個人傳記取向等。本研究主要採課程改革的文化取向做為論述觀點，並採文獻分析方式，探究課程改革與學校文化間的關聯性。首先，研究者自相關文獻中歸納出學校文化具有四項重要內涵，包括有：教師文化、學生文化、學校組織文化、社區文化。其次，探討課程改革與學校文化的關聯性；再次，釐析不利於課程改革的學校文化，以及所面臨的各項問題。最後，根據研究發現，欲邁向完善且成功的課程改革，必須尋繹課程改革與學校各項文化內涵間的關係，尤需強化兩者之間的互動關係。因此，本研究認為，重建學校文化是落實課程改革成功的有效途徑，其具體策略應包括：（一）學校文化的結構與系統必須進行重建和調整，其作法為：建立系統性與整體性的思考方式、鼓勵自我挑戰及激勵成長、培養多元與創新的智慧運作模式、注入共同願景與共識、促進團隊學習與合作精神。（二）學校文化內涵需要轉變與質變以推動課程改革，其具體策略包括建立協同合作的教師文化、尊重學生主體性與次級文化、建構民主化的學校組織文化、營造學習型的社區文化；（三）課程領導者、推動者、參與者應體察學校文化革新的三組原則，即「民主與創新」、「協同與學習」、「專業與社群」，促使課程目標、課程設計、課程內容、課程選擇、課程組織、課程實施、及課程評鑑的所有運作歷程，均能符應學校文化的關係與脈絡，能認清學校文化的功能和特色，並能瞭解不同學校成員的生活背景與價值觀。

Recently， lum reform in Taiwan becomes an important work of educational reforms. Generally speaking， in order to promote successful curriculum reform， we should pay more attentions to school culture. The main aims of this paper are to analyze the relationships between curriculum reform and school culture. This paper is divided into five parts. Firstly， to explain the contents of culture and school culture. According to documental analysis， school culture includes four main dimensions: teacher culture， student culture， school organization culture， and communication culture. Secondly， to analyze the relationships between curriculum reform and school culture. Thirdly， to explore curriculum reform influential factors or problems from school culture. Fourthly， according to research consequence， to reconstruct school culture is an effective method for promoting curriculum reform. Finally， discussion and suggestions will be introduced: (1) school culture construction and system should be adjustable and reconstructed. We can transfer “learning organization” ideals and practices to build a “learning school”；(2)The substantial contents of school culture should be changed； (3)Curriculum leaders， agents， and actors all should become aware of the principles for transformative school culture—“democracy&innovation”， “collaboration&learning”， and ”profession&community” . At the same time， they should realize the meanings， functions， and characters of school culture.