多元智慧理論的理念與實踐

The Basic Constvucts and Applications of Multiple Intelligence

過去，教育的討論時常侷限在認知的領域，甚至僅限於特定的學科，但從教育的本質來看，教育的範疇絕對不只於此，教育的內涵應該包括動機、情感、社會與道德實踐、以及價值觀。也因此，多元智慧論的觀念逐漸受到一般人的重視。其目的旨在提供機會，讓學生可以利用非學術性智慧去學習和展示他們所理解的學習內涵，以進一步提升學生學習的潛能，同時也可以創造一個成人可以學習的環境。至於多元智慧教學在作法上，則可以採取以下的方式：營造良好的斑級氣氛；提供充裕的學習機會；做好課程規劃的工作；建立學習的引導機制；進行慎思性的對話；重視實際性的運用；強化合作性的學習；成立教師的智慧團隊；懷抱適當的成就期望；實施多元化的評量。總之，透過多元智慧教學的實施，必能讓學生的多元智能活躍起來，同時也一定能將教育的範圍擴及更多學生，並獲得更好的教育成果。

In the past， discussion of education has often been restricted to the cognitive realm， even to specific disciplines. However， judging from the essence of education， education is a far broader endeavor， involving motivation， emotions， and social and moral practices and values. Therefore， multiple intelligences have been noticed. The goal of multiple intelligences theory is to provide an opportunity for students to learn and show what they understand with non-academic intelligences， to further work out students’ potentiality and create a learning environment for adults. As to multiple intelligences teaching， we can take the following measures：create a supportive classroom climate， provide an opportunity to learn， organize the curricular alignment， establish learning orientations， stimulate thoughtful discourse， emphasize practice and application activities， increase cooperative learning， set up teams of intelligences， entertain achievement expectations， and implement multiple evaluation. With the implementation of multiple intelligences teaching， educators can reach many more students， and affect them much more deeply， by activating the multiple intelligences of their students.