海德格論微顯現與日本庭園的氣息問題

Heidegger’s Phenomenology of the Inconspicuous and the Question of Breathing in Japanese Gardens

本文研究的問題是，在對日本庭園的構造進行現象學探索時，歷史長久且豐富的、有關「氣」的中日傳承可能起何種啟發作用。本文合併現象學、跨文化思維及跨領域研究的視角，來突顯出幾種在日本庭園中代表「氣息」的現象，解析此現象的特質，並簡短地討論此現象對日本庭園中的美學體驗所固有之意義。再來，本文也釐清庭園中的「氣息」如何歸結獨特的顯現模式這則議題。特別是藉由原為海德格所提出「不明現的」或「微顯現」(das Unscheinbare)的觀點來闡釋，諸如青苔、樹木、石頭等主要庭園元素如何向觀者呈顯出來，並且說明為何這些現象的顯現模式歸結至身體自我與「微顯現」。

This contribution explores the question how rich ancient Chinese and Japanese traditions of thinking and practices hinging on“breathing”(qì氣, ki氣) may become meaningful, with respect to a phenomenological inquiry into the constitution of Japanese gardens. From a phenomenological, as well as transcultural and transdisciplinary, perspective some representative phenomena of“breathing”to be experienced in Japanese gardens are revealed, the specificities of such“breathing”are determined, and a brief discussion concerning the purport of these phenomena for our aesthetic experience in Japanese gardens is given. Furthermore, the paper elucidates in what sense and by what means such“breathing”in the garden actually relates to peculiar modes of appearing. Especially the Heideggerian notion of“the inconspicuous”(das Unscheinbare) will be taken advantage of, in order to clarify how garden elements reveal themselves to a visitor, and why their mode of appearing crucially relies on“inconspicuousness”and the bodily self.