從「霸府」到「青宮」：越南後黎朝時期鄭主統治體制中的節制府

From the Overlord’s Court to the Crown Prince’s Palace：The Tiết ChếPhủin the Trịnh Lords’Ruling System during the Later LêPeriod in Vietnam

「節制」原本是越南後黎朝官職體系中的一種臨時性高級軍事差遣，在十六世紀的政治動亂期間演變為武人強臣的標誌。尤其是以武定霸的鄭主家族通過基於「節制府」的霸朝統治機構架空黎氏王朝，形成了越南歷史上極為特殊的「黎皇鄭主」二元政治體制。十七世紀初，鄭主「王府」統治模式建立後，節制府亦由軍府轉變成儲位，成為鄭氏王嗣的代稱。此時的節制府政治地位僅次於黎帝和鄭王，作為百官之首，擁有「撫軍」、「監國」之職權，在軍事、行政、祭祀等日常國家事務中扮演著關鍵性角色。從十七世紀後期開始，節制府制度又與嫡長子繼承原則相結合，對於維續鄭主內部權力秩序的穩定性起到了重要作用。然而十八世紀晚期，由於王嗣繼承模式遭到破壞，進而引發一系列的政治動亂，極大動搖了鄭主統治根本，並成為導致黎鄭政權敗亡的重要內因。

Tiết Chế, was originally an ad hoc assignment of the high-level military in the Later LêDynasty of Vietnam. During the political turmoil of the sixteenth century, it evolved into a symbol of military strongmen, especially when the Trịnh Lords used the Tiết ChếPhủ,(Office of the Commander-in-Chief) to achieve political hegemony by force and to undermine the authority of the LêEmperors. This led to the formation of a unique diarchy of the“Lêemperor-Trịnh Lords”in Vietnamese history. In the early seventeenth century, after the Trịnh Lords established the ruling system over the imperial court, the Tiết ChếPhủwas becoming a codename for the Trịnh family’s royal heir. By then, the political status of the Tiết ChếPhủwas second only to the LêEmperor and the Trịnh King. It led all mandarins, possessed the powers of the“Pacification Commissioner”and“Regent”, and played a critical role in daily state affairs such as military, administration, and sacrifices rituals. Since the late seventeenth century, the system of Tiết ChếPhủwas transformed again by combining with the principle of primogeniture. Such a transformation had become instrumental in prolonging the stability of the internal power order of the Trịnh regime. However, with the destruction of the royal succession principles by the late eighteenth century, a series of political catastrophes was thus triggered. It greatly led to the wavering of the foundation of Trịnh Lord’s rule, and became an important domestic reason for the collapse of the Lê-Trịnh regime.