無形文化資產與社區意識之連結：臺南啟智社區「做十六歲」成年禮實證研究

The Nexus between Intangible Cultural Heritage and Community Consciousness: An Empirical Study of the“Sweet Sixteen Ceremony”in Tainan’s Qizhi Community

隨著永續發展概念逐漸普及，「文化」已被聯合國認為對於區域發展有益，而透過社區轄內及周遭文化資產將可提升社區整體之情感活絡程度。為探討無形文化資產保存與凝聚社區意識間之雙向關係，本研究以富有文化之都美名且有豐厚文化底蘊之區域—臺南市中西區啟智社區為例，以該社區內具百年歷史之「做十六歲（成年禮）」文化習俗為研究範疇，透過參與觀察、問卷調查及深度訪談等研究方法進行評析。主要研究成果如下：（一）無形文化資產本身因較為抽象而不易保存，且因時代與環境變遷、文化傳承，導致其本質及目的性易受改變；（二）透過發放121份社區民眾問卷（有效問卷數量115份），統計結果顯示，願意主動幫忙「做十六歲」籌辦或曾擔任社區志工之社區居民，多數是因「喜歡與社區共事」而主動前往參與志工服務，且其社區意識程度亦較高，顯見投入無形文化資產與社區居民之社區意識高低具關聯性；（三）結合在地居民、活動主辦方、社區組織、地方民意代表等，共計9位利害關係人之深度訪談，得知目前「做十六歲」之文化保存，仍主要仰賴廟方人士及志工之長年經驗籌措，但更需結合社區居民共同維護，唯有鼓勵社區居民參與社區活動養情感基礎，方可使文化資產得以永續保存。本研究成果可供政府後續制定文化資產保存及社區營造等相關政策考量。

As the concept of sustainable development gains global recognition, the role of culture in fostering regional development has been acknowledged by the United Nations. Cultural assets within and around communities help strengthen emotional bonds and social cohesion. This study explores the reciprocal relationship between the preservation of intangible cultural heritage and the cultivation of community consciousness, using the Qizhi Community in the West Central District of Tainan City—an area rich in cultural traditions—as a case study. Focusing on the century-old local coming-of-age ritual known as the“Sweet Sixteen Ceremony (coming of age ceremony)”, the research applies participant observation, questionnaire surveys, and in-depth interviews for analysis. The key findings are as follows: (1) intangible cultural heritage, due to its abstract nature, is inherently difficult to preserve and is susceptible to transformation over time due to environmental and societal changes; (2) among the 121 distributed questionnaires (with 115 valid responses), residents who had volunteered or participated in organizing the ceremony often cited a fondness for collaborating with their community, and also demonstrated stronger community awareness—highlighting a correlation between engagement in intangible cultural heritage and heightened community identity; (3) interviews with nine stakeholders—including local residents, ceremony organizers, community groups, and elected representatives—reveal that the preservation of the ceremony currently relies heavily on the long-standing efforts of temple members and volunteers. However, broader community involvement is essential to sustaining this cultural practice. The study concludes that encouraging local participation in cultural events is vital for fostering emotional connection and ensuring the long-term preservation of intangible cultural heritage. These insights offer valuable reference for future policymaking in cultural heritage preservation and community development.