流動、遷徙與認同：德國與臺灣移民文學獎之比較研究

Mobility, Migration, and Identity: A Comparative Study of Migration Literature Awards in Germany and Taiwan

本論文旨在探討德國與臺灣文學獎項體系中「移動性」（Mobilität）、「移民」（Migration）與「認同」（Identität）之間的互動關係及其文化意涵。以「夏米索獎」（Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preis, 1985–2017）與「臺灣移民工文學獎」（Taiwan’s Migrant Literature Awards, 2014–2020, 2023–）為主要研究對象，本文將分析文學獎項作為文化制度的重要實踐場域，如何透過制度化的評選機制，將社會差異轉化為可被承認與再現的文化資源。兩者皆展現了不同的場域運作邏輯：夏米索獎透過制度化運作，使德語移民書寫逐步納入跨國文學典範（transnationaler Literaturkanon）；而在臺灣，由公民社會與政府協力推動的移民工文學獎，則為東南亞移民與新住民書寫者提供公共發聲平台。在理論層面上，本研究嘗試從文學社會學（Bourdieu 1987）出發，結合跨文化性（Welsch 2000）與異語書寫（Tawada 2003）等理論觀點，探討文學獎項在評選、命名與制度發展的過程中，如何形塑一個特定的文化場域。本文並以2001年夏米索獎得主弗拉迪米爾．腓特利（Vladimir Vertlib）之自傳體小說《站間》（Zwischenstationen, 1999），以及2015年臺灣移民工文學獎得主丁氏領（Đinh ThịLĩnh）之散文〈他鄉之夢〉（Der Traum in der Fremde, 2015）為例，本文分析文本如何書寫流動經驗、遷徙記憶與身份認同，並進一步探討三者之間的生成關係：流動構成遷徙的社會與敘事條件，遷徙則促成認同的敘事張力，而認同又在制度分類與跨文化書寫的互動過程中持續被重構。由此可見，移民文學獎不僅是象徵性機制，更是一項作家們參與認同的社會實踐。因此流動、遷徙與認同形成一種場域內部相互生成的動態循環，而非線性發展過程。

This study examines the interrelations between mobility, migration, and identity within the institutional framework of literary prize culture in Germany and Taiwan. It focuses on the Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preis (1985–2017) and the Taiwan Migrant Literature Awards (2014–2020; relaunched in 2023). Literary prizes are understood here not merely as distinctions, but as cultural institutions that shape processes of recognition and belonging. While the Chamisso-Prize gradually integrated migrant writing into a transnational literary canon, the Taiwanese prize, supported by civil society initiatives and state funding, has created a multilingual public sphere for Southeast Asian migrants in Taiwan.
Theoretically, this study draws on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory (1987) in combination with concepts of transculturality (Welsch 2000) and exophony (Tawada 2003). Mobility is conceived both as geographical movement and as a shift in position within the literary field; migration is understood as both a social reality and a narratively constructed experience; identity emerges in the tension between institutional ascription and literary self-positioning. Through close readings of Vladimir Vertlib’s Zwischenstationen (1999; Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preis 2001) andĐinh ThịLĩnh’s essay Der Traum in der Fremde (2015; Taiwan Migrant Literature Awards), this article seeks to demonstrate how texts narrate and interconnect mobility, memories of migration, and identity: mobility provides the condition for migration, migration generates identity conflicts, and identity is continually renegotiated through the interplay of institutional categorization and transcultural writing. Literary prizes for migrants thus function not only as symbolic distinctions, but also as sites where authors actively engage with questions of belonging. Mobility, migration, and identity therefore constitute not a linear sequence, but a dynamic interplay within the literary field.