公司決策瑕疵之補正

Cure of Company’s Defective Decision-making

本文探討公司在遇有決策瑕疵致其行為效力受有影響時，採行批准行為所將遇有之相關問題。就法制而言，美國公司法上之批准制度係萌芽於董事關係人交易，嗣後再於受託義務審查的案例法中，就股東批准之要件及效力為累積發展，並透過德拉瓦州普通公司法第204條及第205條之立法，完善董事批准及股東批准法制，2024年作成之Tornetta II，則進一步觸及法院裁判與股東批准間之關係。我國類似於股東批准之概念，係出現於程序法上訴之利益的脈絡當中，使法院得以程序事由駁回原告之訴，然該等批准行為之實體法上評價為何、追認決議要發生批准效力又應具備何等要件，均屬未明。本文根據公司行為之法律關係結構，並借鑑德拉瓦州法，嘗試建構我國批准法制，並就亞太案之股東會批准決議，進行若干分析與思考。

The article explores relevant issues in connection with ratification actions when the validity of corporation conducts is affected by defective decision-making. Under U.S. corporate law, the concept of ratification comes from the context of interested transactions with the director. The condition and effect of shareholder ratification are then developed in the context of fiduciary duty case laws. The enactment of Section 204 and 205 of Delaware General Corporation Law further complete the mechanism of director ratification and shareholder ratification. The Tornetta II case rendered in 2024 further touches the relationship between court rulings and shareholder ratification. In Taiwan the concept similar to shareholder ratification is seen in the procedural requirement of standing, allowing the court to dismiss a lawsuit on the procedural ground. However, the discussion about the element and substantive effect of a valid ratification is absent in court rulings. Referring to Delaware law and based on the legal structure of corporate act under Taiwan law, this article develops the legal mechanism of ratification under Taiwan law and analyze the effect of shareholder ratification in the merger between Far Eastern Telecommunications and Asia Pacific Telecom.