專屬管轄之概念詮釋與規範完善

我國民事訴訟法使用的專屬管轄概念主要指專屬地域管轄。這一狹窄的概念界定已不再符合法院組織結構改革後的管轄分工狀況。為了明確管轄協議的效力，未來有必要根據管轄規範是否具備強制性將管轄權分為專屬管轄與協議管轄，從而將一切具有排他性和強制性的管轄權納入專屬管轄的概念。這意味著，專屬地域管轄、專屬國際管轄、級別管轄、專門管轄、集中管轄以及職能管轄，在我國均屬於廣義的專屬管轄的概念範疇。而且，為了避免矛盾判決和實現訴訟經濟，我國未來還有必要擴大專屬管轄的適用範圍，例如在公益訴訟、代表人訴訟、專業糾紛（例如知識產權、不正當競爭糾紛）以及特殊程序類型（例如非訟程序、家事程序、強制執行程序、破產程序）中引入專屬管轄規範。

The concept of“exclusive jurisdiction”in China's Civil Procedure Law refers merely to exclusive territorial jurisdiction. This narrow definition no longer aligns with the division of jurisdiction following reforms to the court organizational structure. It is necessary in future to distinguish between exclusive and stipulated jurisdiction based on the mandatory nature of relevant jurisdictional rules, thereby incorporating all mandatory jurisdictions into the concept of exclusive jurisdiction. This implies that exclusive territorial jurisdiction, exclusive international jurisdiction, hierarchical jurisdiction, specialized jurisdiction, centralized jurisdiction, and functional jurisdiction all fall under the broad category of exclusive jurisdiction. Additionally, to prevent conflicting judgments and achieve procedural economy and efficiency, China's law should expand the applicable scope of exclusive jurisdiction. This includes introducing exclusive jurisdiction rules for multi-party or group litigation, highly specialised cases, and specific procedural types.