特定國家國民與我國國民結婚申請依親居留簽證法制之檢討與改革──聚焦於結婚面談規範

Review and Reform the Legal Framework for Family-Based Residence Visas for Nationals of Designated Countries Married to Taiwanese Citizens: Focusing on the Rules of Marriage Interview

外籍配偶為臺灣社會穩定成長的族群，入臺與在臺生活權益應予重視與保障。與國人結婚之外籍配偶如欲來臺生活，會經歷申請簽證、居留、歸化等階段，其國籍若屬外交部制定之「特定國家」名單中國家，即為「特定國家國民」適用較嚴格審查的簽證程序，須先通過面談始能取得依親居留簽證，如其無法獲得核發居留簽證，將導致配偶雙方無法在臺共同生活，此中存在主權與人權衝突的難題。復鑑於我國簽證階段法制規範密度相較於規範外國人入境後居留階段者要低，因此本文聚焦討論與國人結婚之特定國籍配偶申請居留簽證之法制，兼從實體和程序面向，包括依親居留簽證要件、簽證事務之行政程序，及防制外國人濫用婚姻制度取得居留名義之相關規定，探討如何在維護國家主權和保障跨國婚姻配偶共同生活權間求得平衡。本文先介紹德國依親簽證法制框架，尤其針對防制外國人濫用婚姻制度入境之規定進行分析，再以此為基礎，一面檢討我國法制與實務現況，一面本於衡平國家主權與保障配偶共同生活權之視角，嘗試提出優化我國簽證法制的建議。

Transnational marriages between Taiwanese nationals and foreign spouses represent a growing demographic contributing significantly to Taiwan’s societal fabric. These cross-border relationships necessitate robust legal frameworks that balance sovereign immigration controls with fundamental human rights protections. Foreign nationals who marry Taiwanese citizens must navigate a multi-tiered legal process encompassing visa application, residency approval, and potential naturalization. However, nationals from countries designated as“specific countries”by Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs face heightened scrutiny, particularly the requirement of mandatory in-person marriage interviews before qualifying for family-based residence visas. This additional procedural hurdle can effectively prevent legitimate couples from cohabiting in Taiwan, creating tension between state sovereignty interests and the protection of fundamental rights to family unity. This article examines the legal regime governing family-based residence visa applications for spouses from designated countries, with particular attention to the visa application stage, compared with resident stage, where legal regulatory density remains comparatively underdeveloped. The analysis addresses both substantive and procedural dimensions, including eligibility criteria, administrative procedures, and regulatory mechanisms designed to prevent immigration fraud through marriage. The central inquiry explores how Taiwan might better calibrate its approach to balance legitimate sovereign interests in immigration control with protecting transnational couples’rights to cohabitation and family life. Drawing comparative insights from the German legal framework for family reunification visas, particularly its sophisticated mechanisms for detecting and deterring sham marriages, this paper first analyzes relevant German legal provisions and administrative practices. It then critically examines Taiwan’s current legal system through this comparative lens, ultimately proposing targeted legal reforms that would better harmonize sovereign prerogatives with fundamental rights to family unity for cross-border spouses.