台灣地區建材劣化現象調查研究

The Investigation Study of Building Materials Deterioration Phenomina in Taiwan

台灣地處亞熱帶海洋氣候區，島內中部偏東有中央山脈縱貫，故將氣候分為幾種不同類型，為瞭解各地區建材劣化現象與其所處之環境因素之相關性。本研究曾在濱海、都市、山區、工業區、離島及花東等各種不同環境挑選十六棟大樓，對其所使用的各種建材進行五年之劣化調查。並對照近15年來之天候及空氣污染實測資料。結果初步發現不利之環境因素為惡劣之空氣品質、相對濕度高、強風、酸雨、日夜溫度大、降雨頻率高、降雨量大及日照時間長等。建材在多種環境因素之加乘作用下，將加速其劣化速率，尤其近海及工業區有很顯著之建材耐久性問題出現，將在本文中詳加檢討，並剖析建材劣化之原因。且列舉日本在建立與環境因素相關性之範例以利國內未來在建材耐久性標準化之建立上提供一些建議與參考。

Taiwan is located mainly in the subtropical oceanic zone. In its central part, there are high mountains dividing this island into several climatic zones. The purpose of this paper is to show the deteriorated appearance of building materials in different climatic zone and discuss their environmental factors. There are 16 buildings selected for materials durability study distributed among different environmental conditions of marine, urban, mountain, industry, island and rural areas in the eastern part of Taiwan etc. The survey period is 5 years. The deteriorated degree of building materials appearance on the buildings had been investigated once every year. The 15 years data of meteorology and air pollution of related different area of building materials survey were collected and analyzed. The deteriorated appearances of building materials on old and new buildings refer their durability to the environment factors are rendered. From the primary survey, it could be concluded that the most aggressive climatic factors are poor air quality, high relative humidity, strong wind, acid rain, obvious difference on daily temperature, large quantities and/or long duration of rainfall, and higher sunshine durations. As more factors combination, the faster degradation rate of building material will be manifested. Especially around the seashore and industry area, the deterioration on building materials is worse to cause the durability. The typical examples of buidings materials deterioration factors vs. environment factors in Japan are shown and it also gives some suggestions for establishing the standization of building materials durability in the futures.