鋼材氫脆防治之抑制劑研究

The Application of Inhibitors for Preventing Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels

眾所皆知，在溼式硫化氫的環境中鋼材尤易遭受到氫破壞和腐蝕破壞的問題。為了減少鋼材的氫脆破壞所採用的防治對策有材料慎選、設計、抑制劑的添加、表面改質及顯微組織控制等。現今對腐蝕抑制劑的應用已非常廣泛，惟對氫脆方面的抑制劑卻鮮少有人探討。因此，本研究即針對十六種化學藥劑在溼式硫化氫環境中的添加，來評估其對氫脆的抑制效果，所採用的實驗方法為電化學氫滲透法。另一方面也量測這十六種化學藥劑對腐蝕的影響。由氫滲透的結果顯示，當添加Fe3+，Fe2+，Cu2+，Zn2+和Ni2+離子于溼式硫化氫環境中可抑制鋼材發生氫脆。但是，腐蝕實驗的結果卻顯示Fe3+，Cu2+和Ni2+離子的添加會加速鋼材腐蝕。Mn2+，Mg2+，Ca2+，Cl-，SO2-4和S2O2-3的添加對氫滲透的影響不大。不過，Mn+，Mg2+和Ca2+離子有抑制腐蝕的功效。V2O5則屬陰極促進劑。CrO2-4，MoO2-4和硫尿（thiourea）具有抑制腐蝕的效益，但卻是氫滲透的促進劑。

It is well known that steels are susceptible to hydrogen degradation and corrosion damage in wet sulfide environments. Approachs employed by researchers to minimize the hydrogen embrittlement problem include materials selection, design, inhibition, surface modificaton and control of the microstructure. Currently, inhibitors are extensivly used for various types of corrosion, but the use of inhibitor is an undeveloped control technique for hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, electrochemical hydrogen permeation technique was used to evaluate the effect of the addition of sixteen chemical additives on hydrogen absorption in steel to improve the hydrogen embrittlement resistance. A corrosion measurement was also performed to search an effective inhibitor for both corrosion control and hydrogen degradation in wet sulfide encironment. The permeation results show that addition of Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions to wet sulfide environments are benefit for hydrogen embrittlement resistance of steel, but Fe3+, Cu2+and Ni2+ ions may cause the accelerated corrosion of steel. Hydrogen permeation data are slightly affected by addition of Mn2+, Mg2+ca2+, Cl-, SO2-4 and S2O2-3 ions. V2O5 exhibits a hydrogen poison effect for steel. CrO2-4, MoO2-4 and thiourea are corrosion inhibitors, also show cathodic poison effect.